The Constitutional Implications of Constitutional Court Decision No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 on National Democratic Stability
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31000/ijlp.v6i1.15890Kata Kunci:
Constitutional Court Decision, Presidential Age Requirement, Judicial Review Politics, Democratic Stability Indonesia, Constitutional Law ReformAbstrak
The decision of the Constitutional Court No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 on the age requirement for presidential and vice-presidential candidates has generated significant controversy in constitutional law, particularly regarding democratic stability. The ruling modified the statutory minimum age of 40 by allowing individuals who have held or currently hold elected public office to run, even if they are below that threshold. The judicial review was filed by Almas Tsaqibbirru Re A to support Gibran Rakabuming Raka in the 2024 election. This study adopts a normative juridical approach with a descriptive-qualitative method based on literature review. The findings reveal substantial weaknesses in the petitioner’s legal standing, as no direct constitutional harm was demonstrated. Nevertheless, the Court partially granted the petition and went beyond its original claims, effectively creating a new norm. In doing so, the Court shifted from its role as a negative legislator to a positive legislator, raising concerns over the separation of powers. The ruling carries broad constitutional and political implications, simultaneously enabling leadership regeneration while inviting suspicions of political interests. Internal divisions among the justices further reflect a lack of strong consensus. Criticism intensified after the Constitutional Court Honorary Council confirmed ethical violations in the decision-making process.
Referensi
Ahmad, A, Fachrurrazy, M, Hartati S.S.Y, Amalia. M, Fauzi, E, Gaol. S.L, Siliwadi, D.N, T. (2024). Buku Ajar Metode Penelitian & Penulisan Hukum (Sepriano (ed.)). PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia.
Ahmad, A., Absori, S. H., Azhari, A. F., & Hamdan Zoelva, S. H. (2020). Tafsir Konstitusi Hak Menguasai Sumber Daya Alam : Studi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tentang Hak Menguasai Negara atas Sumber Daya Alam dalam Prespektif Demokrasi Ekonomi. https://doi.org/Ahmad, A., Absori, S. H., Azhari, A. F., & Hamdan Zoelva, S. H. (2020). TAFSIR KONSTITUSI: Studi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tentang Hak Menguasai Negara atas Sumber Daya Alam dalam Prespektif Demokrasi Ekonomi (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta).
Abdullah. (2022). Strengthening The Electoral Justice System at The Bawaslu To Face The 2024 Simultaneous Elections. Jurnal Keadilan Pemilu , 2 (2), 48–60. https://doi.org/10.55108/jkp.v2i2.137
Abustan, A. (2022a). Implementation of Democracy and Legitimacy of Acting Regional Heads in Indonesia. Indonesia Law Reform Journal , 2 (3), 274–287. https://doi.org/10.22219/ilrej.v2i3.22202
Abustan, A. (2022b). Implementation of Democracy and Legitimacy of Acting Regional Heads in Indonesia. Indonesia Law Reform Journal , 2 (3), 274–287. https://doi.org/10.22219/ilrej.v2i3.22202
Alpin Gunawan, F., Qurbani, ID, & Anshari, T. (2023). A Legal Review of the Minimum Age Requirements for Marriage Following Constitutional Court Decision Number 22/PUU-XV/2017. Media Iuris, 6 (1), 85–114. https://doi.org/10.20473/mi.v6i1.40285
Azizah, N. (2018). MK Decision No. 46/2010 Concerning Civil Relationships Between Children Born Out Of Wedding and Their Biological Fathers (Analysis From The Perspectives Of Islamic Law, Positive
Law, Uidhr, And Udhr). FITRAH: Journal of Islamic Studies, 4 (2), 243–260. https://doi.org/10.24952/fitrah.v4i2.860
Bayu Mitra A. Kusuma & Theresia Octastefani. (2022). International Law, Humanitarian Issues, And The Covid-19 Outbreak: The Ambivalence of Indonesian Government In Handling Refugees. Indonesian Scholars
Scientific Summit Taiwan Proceedings, 4, 16–22. https://doi.org/10.52162/4.2022154
Darmadi, NS (2020). Position And Authority of The Constitutional Court In The Indonesian Constitutional Legal System. Jurnal Hukum, 28 (2),
https://doi.org/10.26532/jh.v28i2.9783
Degdo Suprayitno, A. A. et. a. (2024). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif : Teori Komprehensif Dan Referensi Wajib Bagi Peneliti (1st ed.). Sonpedia Publishing.
Felicia, F. (2022). The Position of the Constitutional Court in the Indonesian Constitutional Legal System. Indonesian Journal of Social Technology, 3 (5), 574–585. https://doi.org/10.36418/jist.v3i5.422
Holil, M. (2022). The Relationship between Legal Theory and Law Enforcement Practices in Indonesia. ASASI: Journal of Islamic Family La, 2 (2), 214–221. https://doi.org/10.36420/asasi.v2i2.194
Istiana, P. (2017). Use Of Social Media By Libraries. LIBRARIA: Library Journal, 5
(1), 69. https://doi.org/10.21043/libraria.v5i1.2252
Johnson, C. D., & Green, B. N. (2022). Education Descriptive Reports: How to Publish Pragmatic Studies in Education. Journal of Chiropractic Humanities, 29 , 15–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echu.2022.06.001
Maulidi, MA (2019). Questioning the Executorial Power of Final and Binding Decisions of the Constitutional Court. Constitutional Journal, 16 (2), 339. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1627
Natamiharja, R., Rasya, A., Putri, RW, & Banjarani, DR (2022). The Influence of International Law in 1945 Constitution Amendments of the Republic of Indonesia. Musamus Law Review, 4 (2), 85–95. https://doi.org/10.35724/mularev.v4i2.3981
State, TAS (2023). Normative Legal Research in Indonesia: Its Origins and Approaches. Audito Comparative Law Journal (ACLJ), 4 (1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.22219/aclj.v4i1.24855
Ramadani, R. (2022). Analysis of Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health and Presidential Regulation Number 14 of 2021 concerning Amendments to Presidential Regulation Number 99 of 2020 concerning Vaccine Procurement and Vaccination Implementation in the Context of Pandemic Management. TAQNIN: Journal of Sharia and Law, 4 (1). https://doi.org/10.30821/taqnin.v4i1.11766
Ru'ati, A., Nirahua, G., & Soplantila, R. (2022). The Executorial Power of Constitutional Court Decisions, Which Are Final and Binding in Indonesia. PATTIMURA Legal Journal, 1 (1), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.47268/pela.v1i1.5899
Sadzali, A. (2022). The Role of the Constitutional Court in Realizing Substantive Democracy in the 2024 Election through Progressive Law Enforcement. As- Siyasi: Journal of Constitutional Law, 2 (2), 193–218. https://doi.org/10.24042/as-siyasi.v2i2.14948
Suhardin, Y., & Flora, HS (2023). The Existence of Constitutional Court Decisions Following the Enactment of the Job Creation Regulation in Lieu of Law. USM LAW REVIEW JOURNAL , 6 (1), 320–331.
https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v6i1.6307
Susanti, B. (nd). Legal Expert: Gibran Jokowi's Nomination as Vice Presidential Candidate is Invalid & Null and Void | #SPEAKUP [YouTube]. Https://youtu.be/fuu_GAo4jD8
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, the copyright of the article shall be assigned to Indonesian Journal of Law and Policy Studies, Post Graduate in Law Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang, Indonesia as the publisher of the journal.
Indonesian Journal of Law and Policy Studies (IJLPS) right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) the work for any purpose, even commercially with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in Indonesian Journal of Law and Policy Studies (IJLPS). Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Indonesian Journal of Law and Policy Studies (IJLPS). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).