Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
type: channel
description: Balance Vocation Accounting Journal: Jurnal Akuntansi, Keuangan dan Perpajakan (e-ISSN 2580-1074) diluncurkan pada tahun 2017 dan jurnal akademik yang diterbitkan oleh Program Studi D3 Akuntansi, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang, Indonesia bekerjasama dengan Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia Kompartemen Akuntan Pendidik (IAI-KAPd). Balance Vocation Accounting Jurnal: Jurnal Akuntansi, Keuangan dan Perpajakan terbit dua kali setahun (Desember dan Juni). Artikel yang dimuat dalam Balance Vocation Accounting Jurnal: Jurnal Akuntansi, Keuangan dan Perpajakan, merupakan artikel hasil penelitian (prioritas), dan artikel ulasan ilmiah tentang fenomena kekinian di bidang ekonomii. Dalam menerima artikel yang akan direview oleh editor internal, eksternal dan reviewer. Setiap artikel yang dimasukkan ke jurnal Balance Vocation Accounting Jurnal akan dikirim ke bagian redaksi melalui proses Review Awal. Setelah itu, artikel akan dikirim ke peer reviewer untuk mendapatkan Proses Peer Review Double-Blind. Jurnal yang terdaftar di CrossReff dengan prefiks Pengenal Objek Digital (DOI) 10.31000 / Balance Vocation Accounting Journal.
publisher: Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang
language: en
publication name: Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
issn: 2580-1074
copyright: pernyataan bahwa pemegang hak artikel Authors who publish with International Journal of Advances in Intelligent Informatics agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the International Journal of Advances in Intelligent Informatics right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) the work for any purpose, even commercially with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in International Journal of Advances in Intelligent Informatics. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in International Journal of Advances in Intelligent Informatics. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). Â
items: Liquidity and Capital Adequacy Impact on Profitability in Indonesian Conventional Banks
items: Linking Environmental Performance, Disclosure, and ISO 14001 to Firm Financial Success
items: The Effect of Profitability, Leverage, Firm Size and Sales Growth on Tax Management
items: Factors Affecting the Socio-Economic Conditions of Bugis Migrant Oil Palm Workers in Kembang Janggut
items: The Effect Of Sales Growth, Profitability And Tax Planning On The Value Of The Company
items: The Impact of ESG on Debt to Financial with TATO as Mediating
items: Financial Reporting Excellence: Synergy of Good Governance, Human Resources, and Utilization of Information Technology
items: The Influence of Human Resource Quality, Budget Planning, and Regulation on Budget Absorption with Internal Control System as a Moderating Variable
items: The Effect of Good Corporate Governance and Earnings Management on Audit Report Lag
items: The Effect of Corporate Sustainability Performance on Financial Performance: Business Risk as Moderating Variable
items: Independent Commissioners and Tax Avoidance: The Role of Sustainability
items: Carbon Emission Disclosure and the Allocation of Value added: Employee, Shareholder, Tax, and Creditor Views
items: Related Party Transactions, Earnings Management, and Transfer Pricing in Influencing Tax Avoidance: The Role of Company Size
items: Determinants of Price to Earnings Ratio: An Empirical Analysis
items: The Influence of Corporate Governance on Investment Efficiency: The Role of Board Members, Audit Quality, and Institutional Ownership in Indonesia
items: Financial Literacy, Financial Attitudes, Hedonism Lifestyle on Financial Management Behavior of Accounting Students of Surabaya City State University
items: Capital Structure, Investment Decisions, and ESG on Firm Value: The Moderating Role of Profitability
items: Designing an Integrated Waste Levy Payment System to Increase Local Own-Source Revenue
items: The Effect of ESG and Green Accounting Disclosure on Corporate Value in the Technology Sector: The Role of Company Size Moderation
items: Whistleblowing System, Internal Control, Human Resources Competence on the Prevention of Village Fund Fraud
items: The Influence of Carbon Emission Disclosure, Intellectual Capital, and Independent Commissioners on Firm Value
items: The Impact Of Ownership Structure And Control Variables On Earnings Management: A Case Study With Dividend Payout As A Moderating Variable
items: Expansion of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Surabaya City: The Role of Financial Management and Digital Finance Inclusion
items: Transfer Pricing, Political Connection, and Tax Avoidance: An Empirical Study on Energy Companies in Indonesia
items: The Effect Of Financial Literacy, Financial Attitude, And Self-Control On Saving Behavior Of E-Wallet Users
items: The Effect Of Budget Participation, Target Clarity, And Management Control System On Managerial Performance Of Port Service Company In Surabaya
items: The Effect of Green Accounting, CSR, Growth Opportunity, and Capital Structure on Firm Value
items: An Exploratory Study on Bitcoin Valuation: Identifying Relevant Methods in Valuing Bitcoin as a Crypto Asset
items: Audit Fee, Rotation, and Tenure Effects on Audit Quality in IDX Consumer Cyclicals
items: The Effect of Fraud Hexagon on Academic Fraud with Patriotism Attitude as a Moderating Variable

Liquidity and Capital Adequacy Impact on Profitability in Indonesian Conventional Banks
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description: Profitability remains a central indicator of banking performance, reflecting the ability of institutions to sustain growth and resilience in competitive markets. In the Indonesian context, conventional banks face increasing pressure to balance liquidity and capital adequacy in order to optimize returns while maintaining financial stability. This study aims to analyze the influence of liquidity, measured by Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and capital adequacy, measured by Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), on profitability (ROA) among conventional banking sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Employing a quantitative approach, the research uses purposive sampling with secondary data and applies multiple linear regression analysis to examine 30 firm-year observations. The findings reveal that liquidity does not exert a significant effect on profitability, whereas capital adequacy demonstrates a positive and significant impact. Simultaneously, both variables contribute to explaining variations in profitability, underscoring the importance of capital strength in enhancing bank performance. The novelty of this study lies in its empirical evidence from Indonesian conventional banks, highlighting CAR as a critical determinant of profitability. The results provide practical insights for regulators and bank management in designing strategies that prioritize capital adequacy as a driver of sustainable profitability.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Dede Puspa Pujia
creator: Dadang Abdullah
creator: Pipih Juslisha
creator: Shopie Febrianti
creator: Lisa Iskia
creator: Sherina Septiana
creator: Syifa Nur Febriandini
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 216
ending page: 227
doi: 10.31000/fdtf1384

Linking Environmental Performance, Disclosure, and ISO 14001 to Firm Financial Success
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the influence of environmental performance, environmental disclosure, and ISO 14001 certification on corporate financial performance. Sustainability and environmental responsibility have become critical factors in modern business strategies, yet the relationship between environmental initiatives and financial outcomes remains debated in academic literature. Environmental performance is measured using PROPER, disclosure through the GRI index, and ISO 14001 with a dummy variable for certified firms, while financial performance is assessed using accounting indicators (ROA, ROE). The findings reveal that: (1) environmental performance has a significant positive effect on financial performance, with stronger impacts on market-based indicators than accounting measures; (2) environmental disclosure positively influences financial performance, particularly in highly visible firms; (3) ISO 14001 certification contributes positively to long-term financial performance despite short-term implementation costs; and (4) synergistic effects emerge when all three environmental variables are applied simultaneously. The novelty of this research lies in integrating three key environmental dimensions performance, disclosure, and certification within a single framework to evaluate their combined and interactive effects on financial outcomes. This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence from the Indonesian context, highlighting how sustainability initiatives not only enhance legitimacy but also strengthen market trust and long-term corporate value.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Dede Sunaryo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-05
publication date: 2026-06-05
starting page: 205
ending page: 215
doi: 10.31000/vqxxae77

The Effect of Profitability, Leverage, Firm Size and Sales Growth on Tax Management
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the effect of profitability, leverage, firm size, and sales growth on tax management in healthcare sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2021–2025 period. This study employs a quantitative approach using a purposive sampling method and secondary data obtained from annual reports and financial statements, resulting in 53 observations after the elimination of outlier data. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS version 26. The results indicate that profitability and sales growth have a positive effect on tax management, while leverage has a negative effect on tax management. Meanwhile, firm size has no significant effect on tax management. The findings are expected to contribute to taxation research by providing additional evidence on tax management determinants and assisting companies in optimizing their tax planning strategies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Melia Ivana
creator: Vianty Adella Santo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-06
publication date: 2026-06-06
starting page: 180
ending page: 192
doi: 10.31000/7hsahh15

Factors Affecting the Socio-Economic Conditions of Bugis Migrant Oil Palm Workers in Kembang Janggut
type: item
description: This study examines the socio-economic factors influencing the income of Bugis migrant workers employed in the oil palm plantation sector in Kembang Janggut District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan. A quantitative descriptive approach was used, involving 85 migrant workers as respondents. The study analyzed several factors, including education, age, gender, employment status, wage system, working hours, and health conditions, to determine their impact on workers’ income. Data were processed using multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS software. The findings show that socio-economic factors collectively have a significant effect on the income of migrant workers in the oil palm plantation sector. Individually, age, employment status, wage system, working hours, and health conditions significantly influence income levels, while education and gender do not have a significant effect. The study also found that male workers generally earn higher incomes than female workers. In addition, permanent workers receive higher earnings compared to non-permanent workers, and workers paid under a wholesale wage system tend to earn more than those receiving daily wages. Overall, the results emphasize that employment conditions and work-related factors play an important role in shaping the income of migrant plantation workers.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Ismail
creator: Jiuhardi
creator: Rahcmad Budi Suharto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-06
publication date: 2026-06-06
starting page: 159
ending page: 179
doi: 10.31000/v8m6j727

The Effect Of Sales Growth, Profitability And Tax Planning On The Value Of The Company
type: item
description: This study aims to examine the effect of sales growth, profitability, and tax planning on firm value in Consumer Non-Cyclicals sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2021–2024. Firm value is measured using Tobin’s Q, sales growth is proxied by Sales Growth, profitability is measured by Return on Assets (ROA), and tax planning is measured using the Tax Retention Rate (TRR). This research employs a quantitative approach using secondary data derived from companies’ annual reports. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, resulting in 53 companies with a total of 212 observations. Panel data regression analysis was conducted using Eviews 13, and the Random Effect Model was selected as the best model. The results indicate that sales growth does not have a significant effect on firm value. Meanwhile, profitability has a positive and significant effect on firm value. Conversely, tax planning has a negative and significant effect on firm value.
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creator: Vianty Adella Santo
creator: I Gusti Agung Musa Budidarma
creator: Melody Natashia Sandiputri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
date: 2026-06-06
publication date: 2026-06-06
starting page: 148
ending page: 158
doi: 10.31000/58cfq068

The Impact of ESG on Debt to Financial with TATO as Mediating
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the effect of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance on corporate debt structure, with Total Asset Turnover (TATO) serving as a mediating variable. ESG has become an important consideration in investors’ and creditors’ decision-making processes, making it crucial to understand its impact on companies’ financial conditions. This study employs panel data from 88 publicly listed companies over a five-year period and applies an ESG path analysis approach. The results indicate that ESG performance has a significant negative effect on corporate debt levels, suggesting that firms with strong ESG practices tend to rely less on external financing. Furthermore, TATO is found to partially mediate this relationship, implying that asset utilization efficiency strengthens the influence of ESG on reducing debt dependence. These findings contribute to the sustainable finance literature and provide insights for corporate management in aligning sustainability objectives with financial strategies.
subject: Articles
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creator: Dea Tiara Monalisa Butar-Butar
creator: Penni Natalia
creator: Mariska Ramadana
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
date: 2026-06-06
publication date: 2026-06-06
starting page: 129
ending page: 147
doi: 10.31000/rjp6t839

Financial Reporting Excellence: Synergy of Good Governance, Human Resources, and Utilization of Information Technology
type: item
description: This study focuses on the Financial Reporting Quality of companies in the Infrastructure Sector, while most of the previous studies examined the Financial Reporting Quality in the government enviroment. This study uses a quantitive approach. This research was conducted using a questionnaire distributed to 130 financial managers working in 130 companies in the Bekasi and Cikarang Industrial Areas. To get the result of this study, researchers uses PLS SEM Version 3.0. This study shows that Good Corporate Governance has a positive but statistically insignificant impact on Financial Reporting Quality. Human Resources Competencies also has a positive but not statistically significant effet on the Financial Reporting Quality. Information Technology Utilization does not strengthen the relationship between Good Corporate Governance and Financial Reporting Quality, nor does it strengthen the relationship beetwen Human Resources Competencies and Financial Reporting Quality.This study has several limitations in its measurement method. All variables, such as Good Corporate Governance and Human Resource Competencies as the dependent variable, and Information Technology Utilization as a moderating variable, are measured using a questionnaire. Thus, the data obtained only reflects the preceptions of respondents.
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creator: Egi Gumala Sari
creator: Jihan Maharani
creator: Hamdan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
date: 2026-06-06
publication date: 2026-06-06
starting page: 1
ending page: 19
doi: 10.31000/zzkhd630

The Influence of Human Resource Quality, Budget Planning, and Regulation on Budget Absorption with Internal Control System as a Moderating Variable
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the effect of human resource quality, budget planning, and regulation on budget absorption, with the internal control system serving as a moderating variable. The research employs a quantitative approach with an explanatory design to examine the causal relationships among the variables. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to government employees involved in the process of budget preparation and implementation. A purposive sampling technique was applied to ensure that the selected respondents were relevant to the research objectives. The final sample size met the requirements for analysis using the SEM-PLS method. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with the assistance of SmartPLS software. The findings reveal that human resource quality, budget planning, and regulation have positive and significant effects on budget absorption. Meanwhile, the internal control system does not show a significant direct effect on budget absorption. In addition, the internal control system is not proven to moderate the relationship between human resource quality, budget planning, and regulation with budget absorption. The research model explains 42.8% of the variance in budget absorption. These results indicate that organizational capacity factors, particularly employee competence and the quality of planning, play a more dominant role than control mechanisms in improving budget realization. Therefore, strengthening staff capacity and enhancing the quality of budget planning processes are important strategies for improving public financial management performance.
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creator: Fadhila Aurelia
creator: Endah Susilowati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
date: 2026-06-06
publication date: 2026-06-06
starting page: 20
ending page: 33
doi: 10.31000/5p59e207

The Effect of Good Corporate Governance and Earnings Management on Audit Report Lag
type: item
description: Timely submission of financial statements is essential for companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) to maintain transparency and investor confidence. However, recent developments show an increasing number of firms delaying their financial reporting, creating urgency to examine the factors that contribute to audit report lag. This issue is particularly relevant in the consumer cyclicals sector, which is highly sensitive to economic shifts and post-pandemic recovery challenges. This study aims to analyze the influence of good corporate governance and earnings management on audit report lag. The novelty of this research lies in its focus on the 2020–2024 period, which reflects the unique conditions of the post-pandemic business environment, as well as its sector-specific analysis of consumer cyclicals companies—an area that has received limited empirical attention. This study employs a descriptive quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from the annual reports of IDX-listed firms. Multiple regression analysis is used to test the hypotheses. The results show that good corporate governance has a partially negative effect on audit report lag, indicating its role in enhancing reporting timeliness. Meanwhile, earnings management exhibits no partial effect. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the determinants of reporting quality within a sector undergoing dynamic economic changes.
subject: Articles
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creator: Anike Putri
creator: Muhamad Fadli Nur Insan
creator: Elok Faiqoh Himmah
creator: Johannes Kristian Siregar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 350
ending page: 367
doi: 10.31000/bvaj.v9i2.15246

The Effect of Corporate Sustainability Performance on Financial Performance: Business Risk as Moderating Variable
type: item
description: This study investigates how Corporate Sustainability Performance (CSP) influences Financial Performance (FP) and examines the moderating role of Business Risk in this relationship. Using a quantitative research design, the analysis is conducted on 88 firms listed in the IDX ESG Leaders Index of the Indonesia Stock Exchange over the 2019–2023 period. Multiple regression techniques are employed to assess the impact of sustainability initiatives on corporate financial outcomes. The findings reveal that CSP exerts a positive and statistically significant effect on financial performance. In addition, Business Risk is found to strengthen financial outcomes, while its interaction with CSP demonstrates a moderating influence on the sustainability–performance relationship. This research contributes to the sustainability literature by illustrating how varying levels of business risk shape the financial benefits of sustainability practices across industries. The results also emphasize the importance of integrating sustainability strategies with effective risk management to enhance firm value and long-term performance.
subject: Articles
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creator: Dea Tiara Monalisa Butar-Butar
creator: Vivian
creator: Mariska Ramadana
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
date: 2026-06-06
publication date: 2026-06-06
starting page: 34
ending page: 52
doi: 10.31000/7e70sz04

Independent Commissioners and Tax Avoidance: The Role of Sustainability
type: item
description: This study aims to investigate how independent commissioners influence corporate tax avoidance, using sustainability performance as a mediating variable, and to examine whether independent commissioners encourage responsible tax practices through enhanced sustainability engagement. The research was conducted in Indonesia using secondary data from companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2019–2023, employing a quantitative approach with regression analysis and path analysis for mediation testing using Stata software. The results show that independent commissioners have a positive and significant impact on sustainability performance by enhancing corporate transparency and accountability, while their direct effect on tax avoidance is insignificant. However, sustainability performance significantly reduces tax avoidance and mediates the relationship between independent commissioners and tax avoidance. These findings indicate that independent commissioners indirectly encourage responsible tax behavior through improved sustainability practices, suggesting the need to strengthen governance frameworks and sustainability disclosure standards to promote ethical corporate behavior. The study is limited to a specific period (2019–2023) and the Indonesian context, which may reduce the generalizability of the findings to other regions or timeframes, but it contributes to the corporate governance and sustainability literature by providing empirical evidence on the mediating role of sustainability performance in Indonesia and offering insights for researchers, policymakers, and companies regarding the role of board independence in encouraging ethical tax practices.
subject: Articles
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creator: Kennardi Tanujaya
creator: Felicia
creator: Robby Krisyadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
date: 2026-06-06
publication date: 2026-06-06
starting page: 109
ending page: 128
doi: 10.31000/t463gt55

Carbon Emission Disclosure and the Allocation of Value added: Employee, Shareholder, Tax, and Creditor Views
type: item
description: This study examines the effect of carbon emission disclosure on the allocation of value added to key stakeholders-employees, shareholders, tax authorities, and creditors-using a stakeholder-oriented value added framework. The study employs an panel dataset comprising 628 firm-year observations of manufacturing publicly listed companies over the period 2019-2023. Panel data regression with industry and year fixed effects is applied as the main analytical method. The empirical results indicate that carbon emission disclosure functions as a value redistribution mechanism rather than a practice that uniformly enhances value for all stakeholders. Carbon emission disclosure is consistently negatively associated with value added allocated to employees and creditors, while it is positively related to value added distributed to shareholders, particularly after accounting for time effects. In contrast, no significant relationship is found between carbon emission disclosure and value added allocated to tax authorities, suggesting that value distribution to the government is more strongly driven by firms’ structural characteristics, such as size and leverage. The robustness tests confirm that these findings remain consistent after controlling for firm heterogeneity and unobserved selection bias. Theoretically, this study contributes to stakeholder theory, signaling theory, and legitimacy theory by demonstrating that carbon disclosure reshapes the internal distribution of corporate value. Practically, the findings offer important implications for managers, investors, and policymakers in designing more inclusive and sustainable environmental disclosure strategies.
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creator: Ivone
creator: Wini
creator: Santi Yopie
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
date: 2026-06-06
publication date: 2026-06-06
starting page: 86
ending page: 108
doi: 10.31000/cpjcza64

Related Party Transactions, Earnings Management, and Transfer Pricing in Influencing Tax Avoidance: The Role of Company Size
type: item
description: Â Tax evasion practices in the food and beverage manufacturing sector in Indonesia are of serious concern because they have the potential to reduce state revenue and create fiscal injustice. This study aims to analyze the influence of related party transactions (RPT), profit management, and transfer pricing on tax avoidance, with company size as a moderation variable. Using a quantitative approach, this study tested 15 manufacturing companies in the food and beverage subsector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019–2023 period, resulting in 75 observations selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis was carried out by panel data regression using EViews 12 at a significance level of 5%. The findings show that RPT and transfer pricing have a significant effect on tax avoidance, while profit management has no effect. The contribution of this research lies in strengthening the empirical evidence in the Indonesian context, especially in sectors that are vulnerable to aggressive tax practices. The novelty of the research lies in the integration of the three practices in a single model with the size of the company as a moderator an approach that is still limited in the tax literature in developing countries.
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creator: Saiful Haq
creator: Dede Sunaryo
creator: Erli Auliana Cahyani
creator: Amalia Indah Fitriana
creator: Mikrad Mikrad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 412
ending page: 427
doi: 10.31000/bvaj.v9i2.15431

Determinants of Price to Earnings Ratio: An Empirical Analysis
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the effect of debt to equity ratio, price to book value, ukuran perusahaan, return on equity, current ratio dan total assets turnover terhadap price earning ratio in consumer companies listed on the stock exchange from 2020 to 2023. The method used in this research is multiple regression analysis to examine the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The results indicate that DER, company size, and ROE have a significant negative effect on PER, suggesting that increasing debt and company size can reduce the expected return ratios by investors. Conversely, PBV has a significant positive effect on PER, indicating that companies with higher book values tend to have better price-to-earnings ratios. On the other hand, CR and TAT do not show a significant effect on PER. These findings provide important insights for investors and company managers in making investment decisions and financial strategies in the consumer sector.
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creator: Veny Veny
creator: Vianty Adella Santo
creator: Ester Faulina Siagian
creator: Electra Miracle Edgar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
date: 2025-12-09
publication date: 2025-12-09
starting page: 160
ending page: 169
doi: 10.31000/bvaj.v9i2.14584

The Influence of Corporate Governance on Investment Efficiency: The Role of Board Members, Audit Quality, and Institutional Ownership in Indonesia
type: item
description: This study explores how board characteristics impact investment efficiency among firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2023. Using panel data regression with the Fixed Effect Model, the results show that board size and board independence positively affect investment efficiency, while board meeting frequency has a negative impact. Board gender diversity and audit quality do not significantly influence investment efficiency. Institutional ownership strengthens the link between board meeting frequency and investment efficiency but does not significantly moderate other connections. These findings emphasize the significance of board characteristics in boosting investment efficiency and offer valuable insights for improving corporate governance in Indonesia. Â
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Widijaya Widijaya
creator: Siska Morales
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
date: 2025-12-09
publication date: 2025-12-09
starting page: 223
ending page: 244
doi: 10.31000/bvaj.v9i2.15148

Financial Literacy, Financial Attitudes, Hedonism Lifestyle on Financial Management Behavior of Accounting Students of Surabaya City State University
type: item
description: This study is important because it looks at the development of the digital era that affects students' financial behavior, especially the risk of poor financial management due to low financial literacy and the existence of a consumptive hedonistic lifestyle in the city of Surabaya. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of financial literacy, financial attitudes, and hedonism lifestyle on the financial management behavior of accounting students at State University in Surabaya. The research method used was quantitative with a sample of 98 students from four public universities in the city of Surabaya. The data were analyzed using a structural model with validity, reliability, and hypothesis tests. The data collection technique uses probability sampling, with the proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The data analysis technique is with the help of Smart-PLS 4.0. The results showed that financial literacy, financial attitudes, and hedonistic lifestyles have a significant influence on students' financial management behavior. What distinguishes this study from previous studies lies in the specific focus on accounting students at four Surabaya state universities and the finding that a hedonistic lifestyle can encourage better financial management strategies despite risk. This research can be the basis for the development of educational programs related to financial knowledge that are more targeted.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Khiftia Rachmah Hidayah
creator: Tituk Diah Widajantie
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 381
ending page: 393
doi: 10.31000/bvaj.v9i2.15212

Capital Structure, Investment Decisions, and ESG on Firm Value: The Moderating Role of Profitability
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze how capital structure, investment decisions, and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) affect firm value, with profitability serving as a moderating variable. The research subjects are energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2024 period. A quantitative approach was employed using the purposive sampling method, resulting in 50 observations from 10 companies. The data were analyzed using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with SPSS version 30. The results indicate that investment decisions have a positive and significant effect on firm value, while capital structure and ESG have no significant effect. Profitability was found to strengthen the relationship between capital structure and investment decisions on firm value, but it did not moderate the relationship between ESG and firm value. These findings prove that the increase in the value of a company in the energy sector is more influenced by the effectiveness of investment decisions supported by good profitability than by capital structure policies or the level of ESG disclosure.
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creator: Adelia Divanda Azwardi
creator: Tantina Haryati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
date: 2025-12-09
publication date: 2025-12-09
starting page: 302
ending page: 315
doi: 10.31000/bvaj.v9i2.15213

Designing an Integrated Waste Levy Payment System to Increase Local Own-Source Revenue
type: item
description: Revenue from waste levy by the Malang Regency Government has not been optimally achieved because the financial management process related to waste levy is currently still carried out manually. This study aims to design an integrated waste levy payment system to increase Local Own Source Revenue. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with system engineering, focusing on the design of the waste collection fee payment system. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation at the Dinas Lingkungan Hidup, Malang Regency Government. The research stages were carried out with the System Development Life Cycle, namely planning system, system analysis, system design, and system design validation. The research results indicate that the design of a waste levy payment system consists of procedures for collecting mandatory retribution data, setting tariffs, collecting and paying, and recording revenue from waste levy. This research resulted in the implementation of a digital-based regional waste levy payment system integration concept that specifically focuses on the waste management sector, a situation that has not previously been developed in Malang Regency. The waste levy payment system model can be adopted by local governments to optimize local revenue and improve the accuracy of financial reporting.
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creator: Dharmawan Iqbal Akbar
creator: Firman Rato Risky
creator: Aditya Arisudhana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
date: 2025-12-09
publication date: 2025-12-09
starting page: 245
ending page: 263
doi: 10.31000/bvaj.v9i2.15179

The Effect of ESG and Green Accounting Disclosure on Corporate Value in the Technology Sector: The Role of Company Size Moderation
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description: This study examines the effect of ESG and Green Accounting disclosure on the Company Value of the technology sector on the IDX (2021–2024), with Company Size as moderation. Using panel data of 92 observations and FEM regression analysis, the results showed: (1) ESG simultaneously had a significant positive effect, but only partially significant Social and Governance; The environment is negative. (2) Green Accounting has no direct effect. (3) Company size reinforces the positive influence of simultaneous ESG and Green Accounting, but does not moderate partial ESG. The urgency of the research lies in the low average ESG score of the technology sector (Negligible category) and the high disparity in company values. The main contribution is to prove that ESG impact is highly dependent on the context of company size. The novelty lies in the integration of Green Accounting and the moderation of company size in a single model in the technology sector, which is rarely researched. These findings provide strategic implications for management, investors, and regulators in designing contextual and measurable ESG policies.
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creator: Yusti Deka Pertiwi
creator: Amir Indrabudiman
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 394
ending page: 411
doi: 10.31000/bvaj.v9i2.14886

Whistleblowing System, Internal Control, Human Resources Competence on the Prevention of Village Fund Fraud
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description: The high number of corruption cases at the village level, including the case in Getas Village by former Lurah, underlies the urgency of this research. This study uses a quantitative method through a questionnaire survey on 46 respondents (village officials and related communities) with the aim of analyzing the influence of the Whistleblowing System (X1), Internal Control (X2), and Human Resources Competency (X3) on Fraud Prevention (Y) in the management of Village Funds. The results of the study show contradictory findings: The Whistleblowing System and Human Resources Competency have been proven to have a positive and significant influence on fraud prevention. On the contrary, Internal Control did not show a significant influence. These findings provide empirical evidence that improving the reporting mechanism for violations and improving the quality of human resources is more critical than formal control alone in Getas Village. The practical implication is that the Getas Village Government is advised to focus on strengthening the Whistleblowing System and improving HR Competency through training to minimize the risk of misuse of funds under the leadership of the new Village Head.
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creator: Gagas Pratasona
creator: Nugraeni Nugraeni
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 368
ending page: 380
doi: 10.31000/bvaj.v9i2.15252

The Influence of Carbon Emission Disclosure, Intellectual Capital, and Independent Commissioners on Firm Value
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description: This study investigated the impact of carbon emission disclosure, intellectual capital measured by value added capital employed, value added human capital, and structural capital value added, and independent commissioners on firm value. The identified problem was the inconsistency of prior study results regarding these variables and the fluctuations in firm value due to external factors like climate crisis and economic volatility. Utilizing quantitative methods, the study analyzed annual and sustainability reports from 34 industrial sector companies listed on the IDX during 2020-2023. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied. The findings indicated that carbon emission disclosure and value added human capital had a significant positive effect on firm value. Conversely, value added capital employed exhibited a significant negative effect, while structural capital value added and independent commissioners showed no significant impact on firm value. The study concluded that environmental transparency and human resource optimization have the potential to increase firm valuation, whereas suboptimal physical capital efficiency can diminish it.
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creator: Leonardo Ivan Lasmana
creator: Veny Veny
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
date: 2025-12-09
publication date: 2025-12-09
starting page: 146
ending page: 159
doi: 10.31000/bvaj.v9i2.14583

The Impact Of Ownership Structure And Control Variables On Earnings Management: A Case Study With Dividend Payout As A Moderating Variable
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description: This study examines the effect of ownership structure and control variables on earnings management, with dividend payout serving as a moderating variable. Ownership structure includes concentration ownership, foreign ownership, state ownership, family ownership, and managerial ownership, all of which are believed to significantly influence managerial decisions in managing earnings. These ownership types may create different levels of control and monitoring, which in turn affect the extent of earnings manipulation. Furthermore, control variables such as firm size, leverage, growth, audit quality, and return on assets (ROA) are incorporated to better understand the factors influencing earnings management behavior. Dividend payout is expected to moderate the relationship between ownership structure and earnings management, as dividend policies may signal firm transparency and reduce the incentive for earnings manipulation. The study employs secondary data obtained from annual reports of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) over the past five years. The contribution of this research lies in providing empirical evidence from an emerging market context, specifically Indonesia, where ownership structures are often concentrated and dominated by families, the state, or foreign investors. By integrating dividend payout as a moderating variable, this study offers a more comprehensive understanding of how corporate governance mechanisms interact to influence earnings management practices. The novelty of this study is its combined analysis of multiple ownership types alongside dividend policy moderation within a single integrated framework, offering new insights into how ownership diversity and dividend policies jointly shape the quality of financial reporting in emerging economies.
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creator: Mardianto Mardianto
creator: Sheren Maharani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
date: 2025-12-09
publication date: 2025-12-09
starting page: 279
ending page: 301
doi: 10.31000/bvaj.v9i2.15093

Expansion of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Surabaya City: The Role of Financial Management and Digital Finance Inclusion
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description: Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have an important role in local economic growth, including in the city of Surabaya. However, the expansion of MSMEs still faces challenges in terms of financial management and limited access to digital financial services. This study aims to analyze the influence of financial management and digital finance inclusion on the expansion of MSMEs in Kemayoran Village, Surabaya City. The research method used a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to 70 MSME respondents. Data analysis was carried out by partial least square regression (PLS) to test the influence of independent variables on dependent variables. The results of the study show that financial management has a positive and significant effect on the expansion of MSMEs, while digital finance inclusion also has a positive and significant effect. The novelty of this research lies in the combination of two key factors, namely financial management and digital finance inclusion, in one analysis model that was previously rarely studied in an integrated manner in the context of MSMEs at the village level. These findings confirm that strengthening financial management capacity and the use of digital financial services can encourage business expansion for MSMEs.
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creator: Chandrawati Dasuba
creator: Oryza Tannar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
date: 2025-12-09
publication date: 2025-12-09
starting page: 170
ending page: 184
doi: 10.31000/bvaj.v9i2.14834

Transfer Pricing, Political Connection, and Tax Avoidance: An Empirical Study on Energy Companies in Indonesia
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description: This research is important considering the rampant practice of tax avoidance in the energy sector that has an impact on state revenue. The aim is to test the influence of transfer pricing and political connections on tax avoidance, as well as the role of foreign ownership moderation. Using a quantitative approach, secondary data on energy companies listed on the IDX (2021–2024) were analyzed by regression panel data and MRA. The results showed that transfer pricing had a significant positive effect on tax avoidance, while political connections were not significant. Foreign ownership fails to moderate both relationships. These findings strengthen the agency theory by showing that managerial incentives in transfer pricing are more dominant than political or ownership factors. The novelty of the research lies in the integration of three strategic variables in the context of Indonesia's post-pandemic energy sector. The main contribution is policy recommendations for tax authorities to strengthen supervision of transactions between related parties, as well as for foreign investors to improve governance transparency. This study fills a gap in the literature on the dynamics of foreign ownership moderation in aggressive taxation practices in emerging markets.
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creator: Alfina Farasandi
creator: Agoestina Mappadang
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
date: 2025-12-09
publication date: 2025-12-09
starting page: 201
ending page: 222
doi: 10.31000/bvaj.v9i2.14745

The Effect Of Financial Literacy, Financial Attitude, And Self-Control On Saving Behavior Of E-Wallet Users
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description: This study examines the influence of financial literacy, financial attitude, and self-control on saving behavior among Generation Z users of e-wallets. A quantitative approach was employed by distributing surveys to 89 Generation Z respondents who actively use e-wallet platforms. The findings reveal that financial attitude has a positive and significant effect on saving behavior, indicating that a positive mindset, future orientation, and responsible financial attitudes are key psychological factors that drive consistent saving habits in the digital era. In contrast, financial literacy and self-control show no significant impact, suggesting that financial knowledge and personal discipline alone are insufficient to translate into actual savings practices in fast-paced digital payment environments. These results highlight the importance of strengthening financial attitudes and cultivating healthy financial mindsets to effectively encourage saving behavior among young adults, particularly within the rapidly evolving digital finance ecosystem.
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creator: Intan Dewi Maharani
creator: Tituk Diah Widajantie
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 334
ending page: 349
doi: 10.31000/bvaj.v9i2.15283

The Effect Of Budget Participation, Target Clarity, And Management Control System On Managerial Performance Of Port Service Company In Surabaya
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description: Managerial Performance (KM) reflects a manager's ability to effectively carry out planning, coordination, supervision, evaluation, staff management, and decision-making functions. In port service companies with complex operational activities, managerial performance achievement is strongly influenced by the quality of budget preparation and the strength of the implemented control system. Several key factors that potentially influence Managerial Performance, and are the focus of this study, are Budget Preparation Participation (PPA), Budget Target Clarity (KSA), and Management Control System (MSS). PPA is measured through the level of involvement, input, and participation of managers in budget revisions; KSA is assessed through the clarity, specification, and measurability of budget targets; while MSS is seen from the organizational structure, planning process, follow-up on deviations, and reporting mechanisms. The dependent variable, namely Managerial Performance, is measured based on managerial function indicators such as planning, supervision, coordination, evaluation, negotiation, and representation. This study uses a quantitative approach with primary data obtained through distributing questionnaires to 101 structural employees at a port service company in Surabaya, consisting of Senior Vice Presidents, Vice Presidents, and Superintendents. Data analysis used Partial Least Squares (PLS) through the SmartPLS 4 application to test the causal relationship between variables. This study offers novelty by integrating PPA, KSA, and SPM in one structural model, and simultaneously examining their influence on Managerial Performance in port companies that are highly dependent on budget effectiveness and management control. The results show that PPA, KSA, and SPM each have a positive and significant influence on Managerial Performance, with SPM being the most dominant factor.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Cherry Novia Cantika
creator: Tituk Diah Widajantie
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
date: 2025-12-09
publication date: 2025-12-09
starting page: 316
ending page: 333
doi: 10.31000/bvaj.v9i2.15275

The Effect of Green Accounting, CSR, Growth Opportunity, and Capital Structure on Firm Value
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description: This study examines how green accounting, corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure, growth opportunity, and capital structure affect firm value in companies that are constituents of the LQ45 index from 2020 to 2024. The study uses primary data from annual and sustainability reports. The purposive sampling method was utilized to select the 26 non-financial companies that were ultimately included in the study. The hypothesis testing process is facilitated by the application of multiple linear regression models. he results reveal that green accounting practices positively impact firm value, while CSR disclosure shows a substantial negative influence. Conversely, growth opportunities and capital structure do not demonstrate a significant impact on firm value. These outcomes imply that environmental accounting practices are more favorably regarded by the market than non-integrated social disclosures. This study makes a substantial contribution to the development of knowledge regarding sustainability and financial strategies for increasing firm value in the Indonesian capital market.
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creator: Stevany Stevany
creator: Dedi Haryadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
date: 2025-12-09
publication date: 2025-12-09
starting page: 185
ending page: 200
doi: 10.31000/bvaj.v9i2.14652

An Exploratory Study on Bitcoin Valuation: Identifying Relevant Methods in Valuing Bitcoin as a Crypto Asset
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description: The fair value assessment of Bitcoin has become a pivotal concern in contemporary finance because to its significant volatility, constrained supply, and increasing institutional acceptance. In contrast to conventional assets influenced by cash flows, Bitcoin's value is determined by scarcity, community trust, network utility, and regulatory considerations. This research utilizes a qualitative grounded theory methodology by examining interviews and podcasts featuring prominent Indonesian cryptocurrency specialists. Coding analysis identifies four fundamental paradigms: legitimacy and decentralization as value sources, regulation and market infrastructure as value determinants, speculative risk and centralization as value detractors, and investment strategies and price cycles as moderating influences. Research indicates that Bitcoin's fair value depends on value base, value transfer, risk discount, and investor strategy. The research underscores the imperative for unconventional valuation models that incorporate on-chain data, regulatory frameworks, and market dynamics to improve transparency, accountability, and confidence in the digital financial ecosystem.
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creator: Sony Hartono
creator: Roby Syaiful Ubed
creator: Riko Riandoko
creator: Irfan Nabhani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
date: 2025-12-09
publication date: 2025-12-09
starting page: 264
ending page: 278
doi: 10.31000/bvaj.v9i2.15184

Audit Fee, Rotation, and Tenure Effects on Audit Quality in IDX Consumer Cyclicals
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description: Audit quality is an important aspect in maintaining transparency and accountability of corporate finance. A quality audit ensures that financial statements are presented fairly and free from material errors, whether caused by fraud or error. This study aims to examine the effect of audit fees, audit rotation, and audit tenure on audit quality. The data used in this study are secondary data with a research population of consumer cycle sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2023. The number of company samples used in this study was 52 companies with a research period of 5 years and the sample selection method used was purposive sampling. The data analysis technique used was logistic regression analysis where the testing was carried out with the help of SPSS software version 26. In this study, the researcher found that the audit fee, audit rotation, and audit tenure variables together had a significant effect on audit quality. The audit fee variable had a significant effect on audit quality. The audit rotation variable did not have a significant effect on audit quality. The audit tenure variable did not have a significant effect on audit quality. From the results of this study, it is expected that Public Accounting Firms will pay attention to reasonable audit fees, implement auditor rotation policies in a timely manner, and monitor the duration of the audit relationship so as not to impact auditor independence. Suggestions for further research are to use a wider sample period with coverage of other industrial sectors and add other variables related to audit quality.
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creator: Arief Sugiono
creator: Novelyn Tanzi Martajaya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
date: 2026-06-06
publication date: 2026-06-06
starting page: 193
ending page: 204
doi: 10.31000/c5a6et69

The Effect of Fraud Hexagon on Academic Fraud with Patriotism Attitude as a Moderating Variable
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description: Academic cheating has become a common phenomenon in the world of education. This study aims to examine the influence of the dimensions of the fraud hexagon (pressure, opportunity, rationalization, capability, ego, and collusion) on academic cheating, with patriotic attitude as a moderating variable. This study uses a quantitative method with a sample of 314 accounting students at the Veteran National Development University in East Java. The data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. The results showed that the variables of opportunity, capability, and collusion had a positive and significant effect on academic fraud. Conversely, pressure, rationalization, and ego were found to have no significant effect. Patriotism as a moderating variable only weakened the effect of pressure on academic cheating, but did not moderate the effects of other variables. These findings indicate that even though students have a sense of patriotism, their intentions and internal motivations to cheat are often more dominant.
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creator: Ferdy Septiansyah Wardhana
creator: Gideon Setyo Budiwitjaksono
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Balance Vocation Accounting Journal
date: 2026-06-06
publication date: 2026-06-06
starting page: 69
ending page: 85
doi: 10.31000/rx85vp79