Civil Society, Accountability, and Anti-Corruption: A Critical Examination of CSOs in Uganda
Abstract
Corruption remains a critical global concern that undermines governance, impedes service delivery, and hinders socioeconomic development. Uganda typifies this challenge, grappling with systemic corruption despite the existence of legislative frameworks and institutional reforms. This study evaluates the role of civil society organizations (CSOs) in Uganda’s anti-corruption landscape. Employing a qualitative, descriptive research design, data were collected through in-depth interviews and document reviews across Uganda’s four regions. A purposive sample of 58 respondents, including CSO leaders, political and faith-based actors, informed the analysis. Thematic and narrative analyses using AtlasTi revealed that CSOs significantly contribute to advocacy, awareness creation, civic education, and monitoring public programs. However, their impact is constrained by financial instability, internal governance weaknesses, political interference, insecurity, and public apathy. The study advances civil society theory by situating Ugandan CSOs within debates on good governance. By connecting these findings to broader civic participation and governance debates in the Global South, the paper positions Uganda as a comparative case for understanding how civil society actors operate under conditions of constrained civic space. To enhance their effectiveness, the paper recommends diversifying funding, investing in digital tools, strengthening internal accountability, expanding civic education, and advocating for enabling civic space. These recommendations contribute not only to policy practice but also to scholarly debates on participatory governance and democratization in fragile contexts, showing how lessons from Uganda resonate with wider struggles of civil society in Africa and beyond.
Korupsi tetap menjadi masalah global yang krusial karena melemahkan tata kelola pemerintahan, menghambat pelayanan publik, dan menghalangi pembangunan sosial ekonomi. Uganda menjadi contoh nyata dari tantangan ini, yang terus bergulat dengan korupsi sistemik meskipun telah memiliki kerangka hukum dan reformasi kelembagaan. Penelitian ini menilai peran organisasi masyarakat sipil (OMS) dalam upaya pemberantasan korupsi di Uganda. Dengan menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan telaah dokumen di empat wilayah Uganda. Sampel purposif terdiri atas 58 responden, termasuk para pemimpin OMS, tokoh politik, dan tokoh keagamaan, yang memberikan masukan bagi analisis penelitian. Analisis tematik dan naratif menggunakan perangkat lunak AtlasTi menunjukkan bahwa OMS berkontribusi signifikan dalam kegiatan advokasi, peningkatan kesadaran publik, pendidikan kewargaan, dan pemantauan program pemerintah. Namun, dampak mereka masih terhambat oleh ketidakstabilan keuangan, kelemahan tata kelola internal, campur tangan politik, kondisi keamanan yang tidak stabil, serta apatisme masyarakat. Penelitian ini memperkaya teori masyarakat sipil dengan menempatkan OMS Uganda dalam konteks perdebatan tentang tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik. Dengan mengaitkan temuan ini pada diskursus yang lebih luas mengenai partisipasi warga dan tata kelola di negara-negara Selatan Global, penelitian ini menjadikan Uganda sebagai studi perbandingan untuk memahami bagaimana aktor masyarakat sipil beroperasi dalam kondisi ruang sipil yang terbatas. Untuk meningkatkan efektivitasnya, penelitian ini merekomendasikan diversifikasi sumber pendanaan, investasi dalam teknologi digital, penguatan akuntabilitas internal, perluasan pendidikan kewargaan, serta advokasi bagi terciptanya ruang sipil yang kondusif. Rekomendasi ini tidak hanya berkontribusi pada praktik kebijakan, tetapi juga memperkaya perdebatan akademis mengenai tata kelola partisipatif dan demokratisasi dalam konteks yang rentan menunjukkan bahwa pelajaran dari Uganda memiliki relevansi yang luas dengan perjuangan masyarakat sipil di Afrika dan wilayah lain di dunia.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31000/jgcs.v9i2.14301
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