Diffusion of Ideology and Role of Local Party Control to Understand Aceh Post-War

Vellayati Hajad, Susetiawan Susetiawan

Abstract


Abstract

The purpose of this work are to explore the role of ideological diffusion in the creation and maintenance of GAM 's political hegemony after the Aceh War 2005-2020 and to consider how the practice of command and control were reflected when GAM worked in political parties. The study used a qualitative method with a case study approach and the research data were collected through in-depth interviews with GAM and through journals, books, and articles in print and online. Analysis of this research using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions/verification. Diffusion of ideology is the main strategy of GAM to win elections by continuing to receive political support from the community. The spread of political ideology were reflected in the behavior of political party, legislative and executive actors, especially when they try to control the management of the government. This research was expected to explain of the use of ideology as a political strategy through the diffusion of ideology in former conflict areas. The diffusion of ideology is a tool used by local political actors as a main strategy for gaining power. By disseminating ideology, the goal is to achieve a situation of hegemony of balance that used as a way to command and control politics.

 

Abstrak

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggali peran difusi ideologis dalam penciptaan dan pemeliharaan hegemoni politik GAM pasca Perang Aceh 2005-2020 dan untuk mempertimbangkan bagaimana praktik komando dan kontrol tercermin ketika GAM bekerja di partai politik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dan data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan GAM dan melalui jurnal, buku, dan artikel baik cetak maupun online. Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Difusi ideologi merupakan strategi utama GAM untuk memenangkan pemilu dengan tetap mendapat dukungan politik dari masyarakat. Penyebaran ideologi politik tercermin dalam perilaku para aktor partai politik, legislatif dan eksekutif, terutama ketika mereka mencoba untuk mengontrol pengelolaan pemerintahan. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjelaskan penggunaan ideologi sebagai strategi politik melalui difusi ideologi di daerah bekas konflik. Difusi ideologi merupakan alat yang digunakan oleh aktor politik lokal sebagai strategi utama untuk mendapatkan kekuasaan. Dengan menyebarluaskan ideologi, tujuannya adalah untuk mencapai situasi hegemoni keseimbangan yang digunakan sebagai cara untuk memerintah dan mengontrol politik.


Keywords


ideology, strategy, local party, hegemony, control, post-war areas

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abercrombie and Turner. (1978). Dominant Ideology. British Journal of Sociology.

Ananta, A. (2007). The Population and Conflicts. In Aceh: A New Dawn. (pp. 15–33). Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.

Ansori, M. H. (2012). From Insurgency to Bureaucracy: Free Aceh Movement, Aceh Party and the New Face of Conflict. Stability: International Journal of Security & Development, 1(1), 31–44.

Argenti, G. (2018). Civil Society, Shadow State dan Local Strongmen dalam Kajian Politik Lokal. CosmoGov, 4(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.24198/cosmogov.v4i1.14737

Aspinall, E. (2007). The construction of grievance: Natural resources and identity in a separatist conflict. Journal of Conflict Resolution. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002707307120

Aspinall, E. (2008). Islam and Nation: Separatist Rebellion In Aceh, Indonesia. Stanford University Press.

Aspinall, E. (2009). Combatants To Contractors: The Political Economy of Peace in Aceh. Indonesia, 87(April 2009), 1–34.

Bates, T. (1975). Gramsci and the Theory of Hegemony. Journal of the History of Ideas, 36(2), 351–366.

Brown, D. (2002). Why Might Constructed Nationalist and Ethnic Ideologies Come into Confrontation with Each Other? The Pacific Review, 15(4), 555–570. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/0951274021000029431

Budi, A. (2012). Partai Aceh: Transformasi GAM? Polgov.

Bullock and Stallybrass. (1988). The Harper Dictionary of Modern Thought. Harper & Row.

Butler, D. et al. (2017). Ideology, Learning, and Policy Diffusion: Experimental Evidence. American Journal of Political Science, 61(1), 37–49.

Chaidar, A. (2000). Gerakan Aceh Merdeka Jihad Rakyat Aceh Mewujudkan Negara Islam. Madani Press.

Damanik, A. T. (2010). Hasan Tiro: dari Imajinasi Negara Islam ke Imajinasi Etno-Nasionalis. FES dan AFI.

Dewanta, A. S. (2016). Otonomi dan Pembangunan Daerah. Unisia. https://doi.org/10.20885/unisia.vol27.iss53.art12

Eagleton, T. (1991). Ideology. An Introduction. Verso.

El Ibrahimy, M. N. (2001). The Role of Tgk. M. Daud Beureueh in Aceh’s Turbulence. Media Da’wah.

Evans, P. B. (1995). Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation. Princeton University Press.

Eyerman, R. (1981). False Consciousness and Ideology in Marxist Theory. Acta Sociologica, 24(1), 1–2.

Fauzan, U. (2018). Ideology and Rhetoric: Framing MetroTV News in the Lapindo Mudflow Tragedy. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 9(4), 364–381.

Ferguson, M. L. (2017). Neoliberal feminism as political ideology: revitalizing the study of feminist political ideologies. Journal of Political Ideologies, 22(3), 221–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569317.2017.1348705

Firmanzah. (2010). Persaingan, Legitimasi Kekuasaan, dan Marketing Politik. Yayasan Obor Indonesia.

Freeden, M. (1998). Is nationalism a distinct ideology? Political Studies. 46(4), 748–765.

Freirea, A. (2015). Left–right ideology as a dimension of identification and of competition. Journal of Political Ideologies, 20(1), 43–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569317.2015.991493

Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci. International Publishers.

Grayman, J. H., Good, M.-J. D., & Good, B. J. (2009). Conflict Nightmares and Trauma in Aceh. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 33(1), 290–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-009-9132-8

Hadiz, V. R. (2006). Indonesian local party politics: a site of resistance to Neoliberal Reform. In K. Rodan, Gary., Hewison (Ed.), Neoliberalism and Conflict in Asia after 9/11 (pp. 224–244). Routledge.

Hadiz, V. R. (2019). Populisme Islam. LP3ES.

Hajad, V. (2014). Transformasi Kombatan Menjadi Legislator. In W. dan Wahyudi (Ed.), Percikan Pemikiran Bagi Demokrasi Indonesia. Media Prudentt.

Hamid, A. F. (2005). Partai Politik Lokal di Aceh : Desentralisasi Politik dalam Negara Kebangsaan. Kemitraan.

Hefner, R. W. (2000). Civil Islam: Muslims and Democratization in Indonesia. Princeton University Press.

Ichwanuddin, W. (2018). Pola dan Kecenderungan Studi Konflik di Indonesia: Analisis terhadap Studi Kekerasan pada Kasus Aceh dan Ambon. In LIPI.

Idrus, I. A., & Purwaningsih, T. (2016). Peran Elit Lokal Dalam Kemenangan Partai Gerindra Pada Pemilihan Umum Legislatif Tahun 2014 Di Kabupaten Luwu Utara. Journal of Governance and Public Policy, 3(2), 282–303. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgpp.2016.0060

Jainuri. (2010). Pergumulan Politik Antar Elite Partai di Aras Lokal. UMM Press.

Jamil, M., Jauhari, I., & Dahlan. (2019). The Response of Pesantren Community Toward the Ideology of Islamism: A Study of Pesantren Teachers’ Perception in North Sumatra. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 10(2), 204–223.

Jost, J. (2006). The End of the End of Ideology. American Psychologist, 61(7), 651–670.

Kaloh, J. (2007). Mencari Bentuk Otonomi Daerah: Suatu Solusi Dalam Menjawab Kebutuhan Lokal dan Tantangan Global. PT. Rineka Cipta.

Kamaruddin. (2003). Partai Politik Islam di Pentas Reformasi: Refleksi Pemilu 1999 untuk Pemilu 2004. Visi Publishing.

Kell, T. (1995). The Roots of the Acehnese Rebellion 1989-1992. Cornell Modern Indonesia Project.

Kim, H. and F. (2001). Voter Ideology, the Economy, and the International Environment in Western Democracies. Political Behaviour, 23(1), 53–73.

Kissas, A. (2017). Ideology in the age of mediatized politics: from ‘belief systems’ to the re-contextualizing principle of discourse. Journal of Political Ideologies. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569317.2017.1306958

Lane, R. (1962). Political Ideology. Free Press.

Larrain, J. (1979). Stuart Hall and The Marxist Concept of Ideology. In Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies.

Lestari, P. M., Djatmika, Sumarlam, & Purnanto, D. (2019). Javanese Women’s Political Discourse in Response to the 2019 Indonesian General Election. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 10(3), 193–211.

Martin, J. L. (2015). What is Ideology? SOCIOLOGIA, PROBLEMAS E PRÁTICAS, 9–31. https://doi.org/DOI:10.7458/SPP2015776220

Masaki, K. (2007). Power, Participation and Policy. The Emancipatory Evolution of the Elite-Controlled Policy Process. Lexington Books.

McGrattan, C. (2016). Ideology, reconciliation and nationalism in Northern Ireland. Journal of Political Ideologies, 21(1), 61–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569317.2016.1105407

Michels, R. (1984). Partai Politik: Kecenderungan Oligarkis dalam Birokrasi. CV Rajawali.

Miller, M. . (2009). Rebellion and Reform in Indonesia: Jakarta’s Security and Autonomy Policies in Aceh. Routledge.

Morris, E. E. (1983). Islam and Politics in Aceh: A Study of Center-Periphery Relations in Indonesia. Cornell University.

Nasution, A. (2017). The Government Decentralization Program in Indonesia. In Central and Local Government Relations in Asia. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Nugroho, H. S. (2018). Menalar Posisi Elit Daerah di Era Demokrasi dan Otonomi Daerah. Publisia: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Publik, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.26905/pjiap.v3i1.1989

Nur, I., & Susanto. (2020). Social Conflict in Indonesia: Safeguarding a Nation as a New Approach for Resolving National Disintegration. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 11(2), 151–173.

Nurhasim, M. (2009). Transformasi Politik Gerakan Aceh Merdeka. Jurnal Penelitian Politik, 6(1).

Nurhasim, M. (2012). Dominasi Partai Aceh Pasca-MoU Helsinki. Jurnal Penelitian Politik, 9(2), 35–50.

Poole, K. and Z. (1981). The Diffusion of Feminist Ideology. Political Behaviour, 3(3).

Reid, A. (2006). Verandah of Violence. The Background to the Aceh Problem. Singapore University Press.

Ridhwan, M, F. dan S. D. (2015). Transisi Ekonomi Politik GAM: Kajian Arah Pembangunan Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM). Fikiran Masyarakat, 3(2), 88–96.

Robison, R. (1988). Authoritarian States, Capital-owning Classes, and the Politics of Newly Industrializing Countries: the Case of Indonesia. World Politics, 41(1), 52–74.

Rohmah, N. S. (2018). Elit dan Pemekaran Daerah; Konflik Antar Elit dalam Proses Pemebentukan Provinsi Banten. CosmoGov, 4(2), 173. https://doi.org/10.24198/cosmogov.v4i2.16133

Rosales, J. M. (2016). From partisan to pluralist ideology: the changing practices of democracy through Spain’s 20thcentury constitutional moments. Journal of Political Ideologies. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569317.2016.1204763

Sanogo, T. (2019). Does Fiscal Decentralization Enhance Citizens’ Access to Public Services and Reduce Poverty? Evidence from Côte d’Ivoire Municipalities in a Conflict Setting. World Development, 113(1), 204–221.

Sari, C. M. A. et all. (2019). The Internalisation Process and Pattern on Ideology Ethnonationalism from Five Leaders of the Free Aceh Movement to Their Children. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 7(8), 90–100.

Schulze, K. (2003). The Struggle for an Independent Aceh: The Ideology, Capacity, and Strategy of GAM. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 26(4), 241–271. https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100390209304

Schulze, R. (1966). The Recession of Ideology? The Sociological Quarterly. In E. Simon (Ed.), Great Ages of Man: The Reformation. Time-Life Books.

Shorten, R. (2017). Totalitarianism and the end of the end-of-ideology. Journal of Political Ideologies. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569317.2017.1306959

Siapno, J. A. (2002). Gender, Islam, Nationalism and the Nation-State in Aceh: The Paradox of Power, Co-optation and Resistance. Routledge.

Sidel, J. T. (2005). Bossism and Democracy in the Philippines, Thailand and Indonesia: Towards an Alternative Framework for the Study of ‘Local Strongmen.’ In H. J (Ed.), Politicing Democracy. Palgrave Macmillan UK.

Simon. (1982). Gramsci’s Political Thought. Lawrence and Wishart.

Sindre, G. M. (2010). From Political Exclusion to Inclusion: GAM, The Political Transformation of. In PCD Press (Ed.), Aceh The Role of Democracy for Peace and Reconstruction (pp. 215–256).

Stange, G. and R. P. (2010). From Rebels to Rulers and Legislators: The Political Transformation of The Free Aceh Movement (GAM) in Indonesia. Journal of Current Southeas Asia Affairs, 29(1), 95–120.

Tedin, K. (1987). Political Ideology and the Vote. Research in Micro-Politics, 2(1), 63–94.

Waizenegger, A., & Hyndman, J. (2010). Two solitudes: Post-tsunami and post-conflict Aceh. Disasters. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2010.01169.x

Williams, A. A. J. (2017). Ideology in three voices: an adapted methodology for the study of political ideology. Journal of Political Ideologies. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569317.2017.1347343

Wright, J. S. F. (2015). The Pathway Out of Neoliberalism and the Analysis of Political Ideology in the Post-Crisis World. Journal of Political Ideologies. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569317.2015.1034467

Yin, R. K. (2003). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. SAGE.

Yunanto, S. (2003). Gerakan Militan Islam: di Indonesia dan di Asia Tenggara. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) dan The Ridep Institute.

Zainal, S. (2017). Transformasi Konflik Aceh dan Relasi Sosial-Politik di Era Desentralisasi. MASYARAKAT: Jurnal Sosiologi. https://doi.org/10.7454/mjs.v21i1.4757

Zorin, A. (2001). Ideology, Semiotics, and Clifford Geertz: Some Russian Reflections. History and Theory, 40(1), 58–59.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31000/jgcs.v6i1.5518

Article Metrics

Abstract - 1173 PDF - 314

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Government and Civil Society

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


 

Journal of Government and Civil Society is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .