Narrative Policy Framework: Analysis of Policy Discourse for the Three-Term Presidential Term

Ahmad Syukri; Ridho Al-Hamdi; Suswanta Suswanta; Danang Kurniawan

doi:10.31000/jgcs.v7i2.5880

Narrative Policy Framework: Analysis of Policy Discourse for the Three-Term Presidential Term

Ahmad Syukri, Ridho Al-Hamdi, Suswanta Suswanta, Danang Kurniawan

Abstract

The discourse on the policy of a three-term presidential term raises pros and cons in the political circles of the government and the people of Indonesia. The narrative can be seen through the opinions of policy actors, government, political parties, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and the community. This study uses a method with a Q-DAS (Qualitative Data Analysis Software) approach. The data in the study were taken through four national online news media with a high level of credibility. This research will conduct a study using the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) which can explain the structure of the political narrative in the policy-making process of changing the President's term of office. This study aims to examine the role of the media in shaping public narratives in formulating policies for the Presidential General Election in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that the votes in the group that is against the narrative of the presidential term policy are more dominant for three periods. President Joko Widodo's firm refusal was able to influence the intensity of the discussion on the policy to increase the President's term of office.

Wacana kebijakan masa jabatan presiden tiga periode menimbulkan pro dan kontra di kalangan politik pemerintah dan masyarakat Indonesia. Narasi tersebut dapat dilihat melalui pendapat dari aktor-aktor kebijakan, pemerintah, partai politik, Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM), dan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode dengan pendekatan Q-DAS (Qualitative Data Analysis Software). Data pada penelitian diambil melalui empat media berita online nasional dengan tingkat kredibilitas yang tinggi. Penelitian ini akan melakukan studi menggunakan Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) yang dapat menjelaskan bagaimana struktur narasi politik pada proses pembuatan kebijakan perubahan masa jabatan Presiden. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran media dalam membentuk narasi publik dalam penyusunan kebijakan Pemilihan Umum Presiden di Indonesia. Hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa suara pada kelompok yang kontra terhadap narasi kebijakan masa jabatan presiden menjadi tiga periode lebih dominan. Penolakan secara tegas yang disampaikan oleh Presiden Joko Widodo mampu mempengaruhi intensitas pembahasan wacana kebijakan penambahan masa jabatan Presiden.

Keywords

Narrative Policy Framework; Policy Discourse; Three Periods; Democracy; Election

Full Text:

PDF

References

Adyatama, E. (2021). Pengamat Politik Qodari Jelaskan Alasan Mendukung Wacana Jokowi 3 Periode. tempo.co. https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1442789/pengamat-politik-qodari-jelaskan-alasan-mendukung-wacana-jokowi-3-periode/full&view=ok

Afrizal. (2016). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif: Sebuah Upaya Mendukung Penggunaan Penelitian Kualitatif dalam Berbagai Disiplin Ilmu. Rajawali Pers.

Al-Hamdi, R., Sakir, Suswanta, Atmojo, M. E., & Efendi, D. (2020). Penelitian Kualitatif: Pegangan mahasiswa ilmu pemerintahan. Pustaka Pelajar.

Astuti, I. (2021, April 14). Jabatan Presiden Tiga Periode Melawan Semangat Reformasi. mediaindonesia.com. https://mediaindonesia.com/politik-dan-hukum/397965/jabatan-presiden-tiga-periode-melawan-semangat-reformasi

Chafid, M., & Erliyana, A. (2021). Implikasi Ketatanegaraan Presidential Term Limit menurut Pasal 7 UUD NRI 1945 sebelum Amendemen terhadap Presidential Continuism Masa Orde Baru. Journal of Judicial Review, 23(1), 129. https://doi.org/10.37253/jjr.v23i1.4381

Chaisty, P., & Whitefield, S. (2019). The political implications of popular support for presidential term limits in Russia. Post-Soviet Affairs, 35(4), 323–337. https://doi.org/10.1080/1060586X.2019.1619300

Creswell, J. W. (1998). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Tradition. SAGE Publications.

Crow, D. A., Lawhon, L. A., Berggren, J., Huda, J., Koebele, E., & Kroepsch, A. (2017). A Narrative Policy Framework Analysis of Wildfire Policy Discussions in Two Colorado Communities. Politics and Policy, 45(4), 626–656. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12207

Dixon, R., & Landau, D. (2020). Constitutional End Games: Making Presidential Term Limits Stick. Hastings Law Journal, 71(2), 359–418.

Dunlop, C. A., Kamkhaji, J. C., Radaelli, C. M., & Taffoni, G. (2021). The Institutional Grammar Tool meets the Narrative Policy Framework: Narrating institutional statements in consultation. European Policy Analysis, 7(S2), 365–385. https://doi.org/10.1002/epa2.1126

Gold, M. B. (2019). The Twenty-Second Amendment and the Limits of Presidential Tenure: A Tradition Restored. Rowman & Littlefield Publishing.

Hakam, A. J., & Budiman, N. (2022). Analisis Framing Terhadap Pemberitaan Isu Presiden Tiga Periode Pada Portal Media Online Kompas.Com Dan Republika.Co.Id. POLIS: Jurnal Politik Islam, 1(2), 37–46. https://ojs.iainbatusangkar.ac.id/ojs/index.php/polis/article/view/8098

Hardjanti, D. K. (2022). Mengkaji Ulang Pembatasan Kekuasaan Presiden Dan Penguatan Kekuasaan Dpr Dalam Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Diversi Jurnal Hukum, 8(2), 380–405. https://ejournal.uniska-kediri.ac.id/index.php/Diversi/article/download/433/473

Ihsan, D. (2021). Jabatan Presiden 3 Periode, Pakar UGM: Kekuasaan Jadi Lebih Absolut. kompas.com. https://www.kompas.com/edu/read/2021/03/16/233624971/jabatan-presiden-3-periode-pakar-ugm-kekuasaan-jadi-lebih-absolut?page=all

Jones, M. D., & McBeth, M. K. (2010). A narrative policy framework: Clear enough to be wrong? Policy Studies Journal, 38(2), 329–353. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2010.00364.x

Jungrav-Gieorgica, N. (2021). Narrative Policy Framework – public policy as a battle of narratives Narrative Policy Framework – public policy as a battle of narratives. ResearchGate, July.

Khatami, M. I. (2022). Discourse Network Analysis (DNA): Aktivisme Digital dalam Perdebatan Isu “Presiden Tiga Periode” di Twitter Discourse Network Analysis (DNA): Digital Activism in the “Three-Term President” Debate on Twitter. Jurnal Audience, 5(01), 80–94.

Korzi, M. J. (2011). Presidential Term Limits in American History: Power, Principles & Politics. Texas A&M University Press.

McBeth, M. K., & Lybecker, D. L. (2018). The Narrative Policy Framework, Agendas, and Sanctuary Cities: The Construction of a Public Problem. Policy Studies Journal, 46(4), 868–893. https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12274

Mulyono, G. P., & Fatoni, R. (2019). Demokrasi Sebagai Wujud Nilai-Nilai Sila Keempat Pancasila Dalam Pemilihan Umum Daerah Di Indonesia. Citizenship Jurnal Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan, 7(2), 97–107.

Nugraheny, D. E. (2021, Maret 16). Wacana Masa Jabatan Presiden 3 Periode, Pengamat: Lebih Penting Regenerasi Kepemimpinan Nasional. kompas.com. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/03/16/10041311/wacana-masa-jabatan-presiden-3-periode-pengamat-lebih-penting-regenerasi

Osei, A., Akinocho, H., & Mwombela, S. (2020). Presidential Term Limits and Regime Types: When Do Leaders Respect Constitutional Norms? Africa Spectrum, 55(3), 251–271. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002039720945720

Panggabean, N., & Rasji. (2022). Pro Dan Kontra Pada Sistem Pemerintahan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia Untuk Menambah Masa Jabatan Presiden Menjadi 3 Periode Nicholas. Jurnal Revolusi Indonesia, 2(5), 476–483. https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/documents/detail/2867050

Peabody, B. G. (2016). The Twice and Future President Revisited : Of Three-Term Presidents and Constitutional End Runs The Twice and Future President Revisited : Of Three-Term Presidents and Constitutional End Runs. Minnesota Law Review, Forthcoming. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2821221

Pratiwi, J. I., Salama, N., & Ulfah, S. (2021). Pembatasan Masa Jabatan Presiden Di Indonesia. Jurnal Rechten : Riset Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, 3(1), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.52005/rechten.v3i1.23

Ramadhan, A. (2021, Maret 15). Amien Rais Sebut Ada Skenario Jabatan Presiden Jadi 3 Periode. kompas.com. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/03/15/08430071/amien-rais-sebut-ada-skenario-jabatan-presiden-jadi-3-periode

Rasmussen, A., Romeijn, J., & Toshkov, D. (2018). Dynamics of Regulatory Policymaking in Sweden: The Role of Media Advocacy and Public Opinion. Scandinavian Political Studies, 41(1), 49–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9477.12108

Saputra, A. (2021, September 17). Debat Qodari Vs Refly Harun-Perludem soal Jokowi 3 Periode. detik.com. https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5728811/debat-qodari-vs-refly-harun-perludem-soal-jokowi-3-periode

Sarira, B. D., & Najicha, F. U. (2022). Kajian Deskriptif dalam Kasus Masa Jabatan Presiden Tiga Periode dan Implikasinya pada Kemunduran Demokrasi. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan, 2(7), 1–6.

Shanahan, E. A., Jones, M. D., & McBeth, M. K. (2018). How to conduct a Narrative Policy Framework study. Social Science Journal, 55(3), 332–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2017.12.002

Subandi, S., Masrur, M. F., Arista, C., & Dasion, H. Y. T. (2022). Kejahatan Berbahasa Sebagai Praktik Kekuasaan Simbolik Dalam Film Better Days Karya Derek Tsang. PARAFRASE : Jurnal Kajian Kebahasaan & Kesastraan, 22(1), 50–63. https://doi.org/10.30996/parafrase.v22i1.6237

Sumartini, Hayati, M. N., & Wahyuningsih, S. (2017). Peramalan Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy Time Series Cheng Forecasting Using Fuzzy Time Series Cheng Method. Jurnal EKSPONENSIAL, 8(1), 51–56.

Yudhistira, E. (2020). Pembatasan Masa Jabatan Presiden Sebagai Upaya Menghindari Terjadinya Abuse of Power. Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum, 23(2), 132–154. https://doi.org/10.56087/aijih.v23i2.43

Zamawe, F. (2015). The Implication of Using NVivo Software in Qualitative Data Analysis: Evidence-Based Reflections. Malawi Medical Journal, 27(1), 13–15. https://doi.org/10.2307/446810

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31000/jgcs.v7i2.5880