Journal of Government and Civil Society

Articles

Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): Journal of Government and Civil Society (April)

Makassar City Climate Change Handling Policy

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31000/jgcs.v8i1.9530
Submitted
24 August 2023
Published
7 May 2024

Abstract

The urgency of climate change is now crucial. Climate change is not only an environmental problem but also threatens the survival of urban communities, affects urban spatial planning, and encourages government initiatives to increase public capacity and integrated social services. This study aims to identify and analyze the implementation of policies and handling of climate change by the government of Makassar City. This study uses qualitative data sources, namely statements from informants and local action plan documents for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. Data collection through interviews and relevant literature review. The study results show that the climate change countermeasures policies implemented include; adding green open spaces, clean water management, rehabilitation and normalization of canals, mitigation through planting mangroves, developing aquaculture to empower island communities, and socializing strengthening climate change regulations. Other policies were carried out, including the ecological dimensions of forming strategic areas and cultivation, the social dimension of public capacity building and integrated social services, technical dimensions of the development of urban spatial pattern structures.


Urgensi perubahan iklim saat ini menjadi krusial. Perubahan iklim bukan hanya mengenai masalah lingkungan, tetapi juga mengancam ketahanan hidup masyarakat kota, memengaruhi penataan ruang kota, dan mendorong inisiatif pemerintah untuk meningkatkan kapasitas publik dan layanan sosial terpadu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pelaksanaan kebijakan dan penanganan perubahan iklim yang dilakukan pemerintah Kota Makassar. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan kualitatif, sumber data yaitu pernyataan yang berasal dari informan, dan dokuman rencana aksi daerah adaptasi perubahan iklim dan pengurangan risiko bencana. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan telaah literatur relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan penangan perubahan iklim dilakukan, meliputi; penambahan ruang terbuka hijau, pengelolaan air bersih, rehabilisasi dan normalisasi kanal, mitigasi melalui penanaman mangrove, pengembangan budidaya perikanan pemberdayaan masyarakat pulau, dan sosialisasi penguatan aturan perubahan iklim. Kebijakan lain dilakukan, yaitu; dimensi ekologi pembentukan kawasan strategi dan budidaya, dimensi sosial peningkatan kapasitas publik dan layanan sosial terpadu, dan dimensi teknis pengembangan struktur pola ruang perkotaan.

References

  1. Agaton, C. B., Collera, A. A., & Guno, C. S. (2020). Socio-economic and environmental analyses of sustainable public transport in the Philippines. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(11), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114720
  2. Al Madhoun, W., Gul, F. A., Ros, F. C., Isiyaka, H. A., Mallongi, A., & Rasyid, A. (2021). Spatial assessment on health impact of atmospheric pollution in Makassar, Indonesia. E3S Web of Conferences, 331(0), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202133102019
  3. Ambarwati, L., Verhaeghe, R., van Arem, B., & Pel, A. J. (2016). The influence of integrated space-transport development strategies on air pollution in urban areas. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 44, 134–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2016.02.015
  4. Anirwan, & Qamal. (2023). Collective Action and Climate Change Adaptation in Makassar. Journal of Government and Politics (JGOP), 5(1), 19–31. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31764/jgop.v5i1.13376
  5. Antriyandarti, E., Nawang, D., Werdining, A., & Samputra, L. (2024). The dual role of women in food security and agriculture in responding to climate change : Empirical evidence from Rural Java. Environmental Challenges, 14(September 2023), 100852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2024.100852
  6. Apraku, A., Morton, J. F., & Apraku Gyampoh, B. (2021). Climate change and small-scale agriculture in Africa: Does indigenous knowledge matter? Insights from Kenya and South Africa. Scientific African, 12, e00821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00821
  7. Arifah, Salman, D., & Demmallino, E. (2021). Farmer’s Perception of Climate Change and the Impacts on Livelihood in South Sulawesi. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 810(012010). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/810/1/012010
  8. Aswi, A., Cramb, S., Duncan, E., Hu, W., White, G., & Mengersen, K. (2020). Climate variability and dengue fever in Makassar, Indonesia: Bayesian spatio-temporal modelling. Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology, 33(0), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sste.2020.100335
  9. Auni, A. H., Bachtiar, B., Paembonan, S. A., & Larekeng, S. H. (2020). Growth analysis of mangrove (Rhizophora apiculata bl) propagule toward differences in types of water and planting media at Makassar mangrove center. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 575(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/575/1/012137
  10. Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah Kota Makassar. (2020). Mitigasi dan Adaptasi RAD (Rencana Aksi Daerah) Perubahan Iklim Kota Makassar (Vol. 15). Makassar. Retrieved from https://www.bnpb.go.id/sistem-penanggulangan-bencana
  11. Cappelli, F., Costantini, V., & Consoli, D. (2021). The trap of climate change-induced “natural†disasters and inequality. Global Environmental Change, 70(July), 102329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102329
  12. Damayanti, E., Sipato, W. D., Barkey, R. A., & Demallino, E. B. (2021). Strategi Adaptasi Dan Pengendalian Dampak Perubahan Iklim Kota Makassar. Jurnal Sosio Sains, 7(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37541/sosiosains.v7i1
  13. Deng, S. Z., Jalaludin, B. B., Antó, J. M., Hess, J. J., & Huang, C. R. (2020). Climate change, air pollution, and allergic respiratory diseases: A call to action for health professionals. Chinese Medical Journal, 133(13), 1552–1560. https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000000861
  14. DeRieux, A. C. (2022). Transformer Networks for Smart Cities: Framework and Application to Makassar Smart Garden Alleys (Virginia Polytechnic Institute). Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10919/111788
  15. Didiharyono, Giarno, G., & Sapareng, S. (2022). Changes in Rainfall Intensity, Rising Air Temperature, Wind Speed, and Its Relationship with Land Use in Makassar City. JST (Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi), 11(2), 441–450. https://doi.org/10.23887/jstundiksha.v11i2.45604
  16. Estiningtyas, W., Mulyani, A., Sumaryanto, & Kartiwa, B. (2021). Assessing the vulnerability of food farming system to support climate change adaptation: A case study in Java, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 648(012093), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/648/1/012093
  17. Fraser, T. (2021). Japanese social capital and social vulnerability indices: Measuring drivers of community resilience 2000–2017. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 52, 101965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101965
  18. French, M. A., Fiona Barker, S., Taruc, R. R., Ansariadi, A., Duffy, G. A., Saifuddaolah, M., … Leder, K. (2021). A planetary health model for reducing exposure to faecal contamination in urban informal settlements: Baseline findings from Makassar, Indonesia. Environment International, 155(0), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106679
  19. Gouel, C., & Laborde, D. (2021). The crucial role of domestic and international market-mediated adaptation to climate change. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 106(106), 102408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2020.102408
  20. Huda, M., Aziz, M., & Tokiatsu, K. (2019). The future of electric vehicles to grid integration in Indonesia. Energy Procedia, 158(2018), 4592–4597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.749
  21. Joshi, M., Goraya, H., Joshi, A., & Bartter, T. (2020). Climate change and respiratory diseases: A 2020 perspective. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, 26(2), 119–127. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCP.0000000000000656
  22. Karim, A., Desi, N., & Ahmad, A. (2022). Regional Public Water Company Business Plan for Sustainable Economic in Makassar City, Indonesia. Specialusis Ugdymas / Special Education, 2022(43), 1. Retrieved from http://www.sumc.lt/index.php/se/article/view/1815
  23. Kristanto, G. A., & Koven, W. (2019). Estimating greenhouse gas emissions from municipal solid waste management in Depok, Indonesia. City and Environment Interactions, 4(2019), 100027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacint.2020.100027
  24. Liu, H. K. (2021). Crowdsourcing: Citizens as coproducers of public services. Policy and Internet, 13(2), 315–331. https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.249
  25. Makbul, R., Ruslan, A. N., Erdawaty, & Setiawan, A. M. (2023). Infiltration rate analysis for determination of aqua pond locations as a solution for flooding in Makassar city. In A. Arifin, Gunawan, D. Adanta, B. Oemar, Zurkarnain, & A. Saputra (Eds.), AIP Conference Proceedings (p. 2689). Palembang Indonesia: AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0119258
  26. Malik, I., Abdillah, Rusnaedy, Z., & Khaerah, N. (2021). Coastal Women’s Resilience Strategy against Climate Change Vulnerability in Makassar, Indonesia. E3S Web of Conferences, 277(0), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127701003
  27. Massiseng, A. N. A., Tuwo, A., Fachry, M. E., & Bahar, A. (2020). A dynamic simulation of mangrove ecotourism management at the Lantebung of Makassar City. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 584(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/584/1/012039
  28. McDonough, L. K., Santos, I. R., Andersen, M. S., O’Carroll, D. M., Rutlidge, H., Meredith, K., … Baker, A. (2020). Changes in global groundwater organic carbon driven by climate change and urbanization. Nature Communications, 11(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14946-1
  29. Meharg, S. (2023). Sustainable Urban Development in Makassar, Indonesia. Catalysing Change Agents, 181–201. Australia: Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36433-4_8
  30. Mustafa, D., Farida, U., & Yusriadi, Y. (2020). The effectiveness of public services through E-government in Makassar City. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 9(1), 1176–1178. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692
  31. Mustamin, M. R., Maricar, F., & Hatta, M. P. (2023). Effects of Nipa-Nipa Regulation Pond on Flood Control of Tallo River. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1134(1), 012002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1134/1/012002
  32. Nain, U. (2022). The Role of Government in The Development of Coastal Community in Makassar City. Sosiohumaniora, 24(3), 392. https://doi.org/10.24198/sosiohumaniora.v24i3.35845
  33. Novita, A. A. (2021). Environmental Governance and Climate Change Adaptation in Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Publik ( JIAP ), 7(1), 46–55. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiap.2021.007.01.6
  34. Nur, K. W. (2020). Alley activation: Genius loci to construct a resilient city. Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 44(1), 63–68. https://doi.org/10.3846/jau.2020.11015
  35. Pratiwi, A., Lee, G., & Suzuki, A. (2021). Company–community partnership and climate change adaptation practices: The case of smallholders coffee farmers in lampung, indonesia. In D. Riyanti, J. Jupesta, & E. Aldrian (Eds.), Springer Climate. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55536-8_5
  36. Rachman, F. F., Nooraeni, R., & Yuliana, L. (2021). Public Opinion of Transportation integrated (Jak Lingko), in DKI Jakarta, Indonesia. Procedia Computer Science, 179(2020), 696–703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.01.057
  37. Rahayu, H. P., Haigh, R., Amaratunga, D., Kombaitan, B., Khoirunnisa, D., & Pradana, V. (2019). A micro scale study of climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction in coastal urban strategic planning for the Jakarta. The Current Issue and Full Text Archive of This Journal Is Available on Emerald Insight, 11(1), 119–133. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-10-2019-0073
  38. Ravikumar, A., Larson, A. M., Myers, R., & Trench, T. (2018). Inter-sectoral and multilevel coordination alone do not reduce deforestation and advance environmental justice: Why bold contestation works when collaboration fails. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, 36(8), 1437–1457. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399654418794025
  39. Renne, J. L. (2016). Transit Oriented Development (1st ed.; C. Curtis, Ed.). London: Routledge. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315550008
  40. Rudiany, N. P., & Rica, C. (2023). Greening†the National Growth: How Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) Collaborates with Indonesia in 2014-2020. Insignia Journal of International Relations, 10(2), 199–213. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2023.10.2.9707
  41. Rusnaedy, Z., Haris, A., Congge, U., & Prianto, A. L. (2021). Adaptive Climate Change Governance in Makassar, Indonesia. Journal of Governance, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.31506/jog.v6i2.12384
  42. Sabara, Z., Afiah, I. N., & Umam, R. (2022). Integration of Green Ergonomics in Robust Decision Making Approach in Water Resources Management in Makassar City. International Journal of Technology, 13(September 2021), 264–273. https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v13i2.5113
  43. Sakharina, I. K., Daud, A. A., Hasrul, M., Kadarudin, & Assidiq, H. (2020). Work and lives in Makassar coastal community: Assessing the local government policy. Hasanuddin Law Review, 6(1), 89–99. https://doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v6i1.2281
  44. Sari, K. I., Budimawan, & Selamat, M. B. (2023). Sustainability Study of Mangrove Area Management in the North Coast of Makassar City (Case Study: Lantebung and Untia). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1134(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1134/1/012050
  45. Satterthwaite, D., Archer, D., Colenbrander, S., Dodman, D., Hardoy, J., Mitlin, D., & Patel, S. (2020). Building Resilience to Climate Change in Informal Settlements. One Earth, 2(2), 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.02.002
  46. Satyawan, I. A., Wibisono, B. I., & Binangun, P. S. (2021). The impact of climate change in tourism sector in Java Island: a literature review To. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science PAPER, 724(012111), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/724/1/012111
  47. Setiowati, R., Hasibuan, H. S., & Koestoer, R. H. (2018a). Green open space masterplan at Jakarta Capital City, Indonesia for climate change mitigation. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 200(1), 0. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/200/1/012042
  48. Setiowati, R., Hasibuan, H. S., & Koestoer, R. H. (2018b). Green open space masterplan at Jakarta Capital City, Indonesia for climate change mitigation. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 200(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/200/1/012042
  49. Sipato, W. D., Darlin, E. D., Mustari, K., & Kaimuddin. (2021). Policy analysis of the adaptation of Makassar city’s government for climate change and global warming. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 807(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/807/2/022037
  50. Suhardi, S. (2021). Analysis of the Center Point of Indonesia (CPI) Reclamation Policy of Makassar City in the Environmental Political Perspective. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 8(10), 12. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i10.2985
  51. Sunarya, A. (2024). Climate and Environmental Policy in Indonesia : Challenges and Opportunities. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora Volume, 7(1), 195–206. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37329/ganaya.v7i1.3030
  52. Suraharta, I. M., Djajasinga, N. D., Wicaksono, M. B. A., Akbar, R. A., Priono, N. J., Yusuf, M. A., & Gugat, R. M. D. (2022). Electric Vehicle Policy: The Main Pillar of Indonesia’s Future Energy Security. International Journal of Science and Society, 4(4), 142–156.
  53. Tang, J., McNabola, A., & Misstear, B. (2020). The potential impacts of different traffic management strategies on air pollution and public health for a more sustainable city: A modelling case study from Dublin, Ireland. Sustainable Cities and Society, 60, 102229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102229
  54. UNEP Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change. (2023). Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report | UNEP - UN Environment Programme. United Nations. Retrieved from https://www.unep.org/resources/report/climate-change-2023-synthesis-report
  55. Unsworth, R. K. F., Ambo-Rappe, R., Jones, B. L., La Nafie, Y. A., Irawan, A., Hernawan, U. E., … Cullen-Unsworth, L. C. (2018). Indonesia’s globally significant seagrass meadows are under widespread threat. Science of the Total Environment, 634, 279–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.315
  56. Varvastian, S., & Kalunga, F. (2020). Transnational Corporate Liability for Environmental Damage and Climate Change: Reassessing Access to Justice after Vedanta v. Lungowe. Transnational Environmental Law, 9(2), 323–345. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2047102520000138
  57. Yahya, M., Ananto Yudono, Farouk Maricar, A. A. (2020). The Potential for Rainwater Harvesting in Makassar Coastal Area , South Sulawesi , Indonesia. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), 11(10), 1414–1421. https://doi.org/10.34218/IJARET.11.10.2020.135
  58. Yanti, C. W. B., Ala, A., Dungga, N. E., & Arif, S. (2021). Existence of paddy fields in Makassar city as a part of green open space: Ecological perspective on urban farming. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 807(2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/807/2/022078
  59. Yoseph-Paulus, R., & Hindmarsh, R. (2018). Addressing inadequacies of sectoral coordination and local capacity building in Indonesia for effective climate change adaptation. Climate and Development, 10(1), 35–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2016.1184609
  60. Yuniza, M. E., Pratama, I. W. B. E., & Ramadhaniati, R. C. (2021). Indonesia’s Incentive Policies on Electric Vehicles: The Questionable Effort from the Government Mailinda. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 11(5), 434–440. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11453.This
  61. Zakaria, R., Ramli, M. I., Hustim, M., Alimuddin, H., & Pratiwi, A. (2022). Analysis of NO2gas concentration from the transportation sector through direct measurement and the Caline 4 dispersion program on the Makassar City Toll Road. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1117(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1117/1/012052

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.