Risk Factors for Speech Delay in Early Childhood and Intervention Strategies: A Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31000/ceria.v15i3.16767Keywords:
Early Childhood, Early Intervention, Language Stimulation, Risk Factors, Speech DelayAbstract
Speech delay is a developmental communication concern in early childhood that may affect children's social interactions, participation in learning activities, and subsequent language development. This study aims to analyze factors associated with speech delay and identify relevant intervention strategies for parents and early childhood educators. A literature review approach was employed to examine scholarly publications addressing children's speech and language development, associated risk factors, and early intervention strategies. The literature was analyzed descriptively and thematically to identify patterns across research findings and their implications for early childhood education. The review indicates that speech delay is associated with multiple biological and developmental factors, including hearing impairments and developmental language difficulties, as well as environmental factors such as limited verbal interaction and insufficient language stimulation. Excessive screen exposure also warrants consideration because of its potential association with reduced opportunities for reciprocal communication. Relevant intervention strategies include responsive language stimulation, shared book reading, communication-based play activities, developmental monitoring, and collaboration among parents, educators, and healthcare professionals. This review highlights the importance of a multidimensional approach to understanding speech delay and emphasizes the need for early identification and individualized developmental support to promote children's communication and language development.
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