Mapping Determinant Factor and Minimizing the emergency Off a single candidate  in Regional election: a case in buton

Junaid Gazalin; Nur Inzana; La Asiri La Asiiri; Sry Mayunita; Tawakkal Baharudin

doi:10.31000/jgcs.v9i1.12697

Mapping Determinant Factor and Minimizing the emergency Off a single candidate in Regional election: a case in buton

Junaid Gazalin, Nur Inzana, La Asiri La Asiiri, Sry Mayunita, Tawakkal Baharudin

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the factors that encourage the emergence of single candidates in regional head elections (Pilkada) in Buton and provide strategic steps to minimize the potential for a similar phenomenon to recur. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study. A total of 20 informants were interviewed and selected purposively based on their direct involvement in the election process. Data analysis was carried out with the help of Nvivo 12 Plus software to optimize data management and interpretation. Data validity was maintained through source triangulation. The study results indicate that dominant factors such as high political costs, failure of the political party cadre system, pragmatism of political party coalitions, and the difficulty of individual candidates in meeting nomination requirements play a central role in the emergence of single candidates. The implications of this study emphasize the need to improve the mechanism for monitoring political costs, improve the quality of the political party cadre system, revise the nomination requirements for individual candidates, and increase awareness of the importance of forming a healthy and politically representative coalition. The significance of this study lies in its contribution to providing in-depth understanding and strategic recommendations to prevent the recurrence of the single candidate phenomenon in the Pilkada contest, especially in Buton Regency.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mendorong kemunculan calon tunggal dalam pemilihan kepala daerah (Pilkada) di Buton serta memberikan langkah-langkah strategis untuk meminimalkan potensi terulangnya fenomena serupa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan strategi studi kasus. Sebanyak 20 informan diwawancarai, yang dipilih secara purposive berdasarkan keterlibatan langsung dalam proses pemilihan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan bantuan perangkat lunak Nvivo 12 Plus guna mengoptimalkan pengelolaan dan interpretasi data. Validitas data dijaga melalui triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor dominan seperti tingginya biaya politik, kegagalan sistem kaderisasi partai politik, pragmatisme koalisi partai politik, dan kesulitan calon perseorangan dalam memenuhi syarat pencalonan, memainkan peran sentral dalam kemunculan calon tunggal. Implikasi dari penelitian ini menekankan perlunya perbaikan mekanisme pengawasan biaya politik, peningkatan kualitas sistem kaderisasi partai politik, revisi terhadap persyaratan pencalonan bagi calon perseorangan, serta peningkatan kesadaran akan pentingnya pembentukan koalisi yang sehat dan representatif secara politik. Signifikansi penelitian ini terletak pada kontribusinya dalam memberikan pemahaman yang mendalam serta rekomendasi strategis guna mencegah terulangnya fenomena calon tunggal dalam kontestasi Pilkada, khususnya di Kabupaten Buton.

Keywords

Single Candidate; empty box; election;Political Pragmatism

Full Text:

PDF

References

Aminuddin, M. F., & Attamimi, N. H. (2019). From Retail to Grocery: Money Politics in 2014 Indonesian Legislative Election. Politik Indonesia: Indonesian Political Science Review, 4(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.15294/ipsr.v4i1.12609

Aspinall, E. (2005). Elections and the normalization of politics in Indonesia. South East Asia Research, 13(2), 117–156. https://doi.org/10.5367/0000000054604515

Aspinall, E., Fossati, D., Muhtadi, B., & Warburton, E. (2019). Elites, masses, and democratic decline in Indonesia. Democratization, 27(4), 505–526. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2019.1680971

Aspinall, E., & Mietzner, M. (2019). Indonesia’s Democratic Paradox: Competitive Elections amidst Rising Illiberalism. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 55(3), 295–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2019.1690412

Aspinall, E., Rohman, N., Hamdi, A. Z., Rubaidi, & Triantini, Z. E. (2017). Vote buying in Indonesia: Candidate strategies, market logic and effectiveness. Journal of East Asian Studies, 17(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1017/jea.2016.31

Baharuddin, T., & Purwaningsih, T. (2017). Modalitas Calon Bupati Dalam Pemilihan Umum Kepala Daerah Tahun 2015. Journal of Governance and Public Policy, 4(1), 205–237. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgpp.4176

Baharuddin, T., Sairin, S., Qodir, Z., & Jubba, H. (2023). Form of Capital in Elections: Candidate Victory over Political Economy Domination. The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Civic and Political Studies, 18(1), 77–96. https://doi.org/10.18848/2327-0071/CGP/v18i01/77-96

Berenschot, W. (2018). The Political Economy of Clientelism: A Comparative Study of Indonesia’s Patronage Democracy. Comparative Political Studies, 51(12), 1563–1593. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414018758756

Berenschot, W., & Aspinall, E. (2020). How clientelism varies: comparing patronage democracies. Democratization, 27(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2019.1645129

Berenschot, W., & Mulder, P. (2019). Explaining regional variation in local governance: Clientelism and state-dependency in Indonesia. World Development, 122, 233–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.05.021

Chen, J. (2022). Representing Chinese Indonesians: Pribumi Discourse and Regional Elections in Post-Reform Indonesia. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 41(1), 59–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/18681034211036716

Damanik, E. L. (2020). The desire of power: Candidate ambiguity and incumbent monopoly in local leaders’ election. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan Dan Politik, 33(3), 286. https://doi.org/10.20473/mkp.v33i32020.286-298

Dettman, S., Pepinsky, T. B., & Pierskalla, J. H. (2017). Incumbency advantage and candidate characteristics in open-list proportional representation systems: Evidence from Indonesia. Electoral Studies, 48, 111–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2017.06.002

Endah Yuli, E. (2019). Pragmatisme Politik: Antara Koalisi, Pencalonan, dan Calon Tunggal Dalam Pilkada. Jurnal Transformative, 5(1), 16–37. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/230239078.pdf

Febrian, Rumesten, I., Nurhidayatuloh, & Adisti, N. A. (2022). Phenomenon of the Increasing Single Candidates and Backsliding Democratic Values in Indonesia. Hasanuddin Law Review, 8(3), 248–257. https://doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v8i3.2880

Fionna, U., & Hutchinson, F. E. (2019). Indonesia’S 2019 Elections: a Fractured Democracy? Asian Affairs, 50(4), 502–519. https://doi.org/10.1080/03068374.2019.1672400

Harianto, Darmawan, W. B., & Muradi. (2020). The Winning of Empty Box in the 2018 Makassar Regional Head Election. Society, 8(2), 546–556. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v8i2.203

Harjudin, L. O., & Zuada, L. H. (2020). ‘Musim Semi’ Dinasti Politik Pada Pemilu 2019 Di Sulawesi Tenggara. Jurnal Transformative, 6(1), 107–126. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.transformative.2020.006.01.6

Haryanto, Sukmajati, M., & Lay, C. (2019). Territory, Class, and Kinship: A Case Study of an Indonesian Regional Election. Asian Politics and Policy, 11(1), 43–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/aspp.12444

Hasan, E., Aminah, A., Haji Hamil, H. J., & Mukhrijal, M. (2023). The Practice of Money Politics in Village Head Elections and Its Effect on The Participation Level of Beginner Voters. Journal of Governance and Public Policy, 10(1), PRESS. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgpp.v10i1.15576

Irawan, D. (2017, February 16). Ditahan KPK, Samsu Umar Menang Lawan Kotak Kosong di Pilbup Buton. DetikNews. https://news.detik.com/berita/d-3423977/ditahan-kpk-samsu-umar-menang-lawan-kotak-kosong-di-pilbup-buton

Johnson, A. F., & Roberto, K. J. (2019). Elections and selection: The role of political ideology in selection decisions. Human Resource Management Review, 29(1), 14–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2018.05.003

Jubba, H., Baharuddin, T., Qodir, Z., & Iribaram, S. (2023). Sentiment Analysis : Predicting the Position of Islamic Political Parties in Indonesia in the Next Election. International Congress on Information and Communication Technology, 1027–1034. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3091-3_84

Katz, R. S., & Mair, P. (1995). Changing models of party organization and party democracy: The Emergence of the Cartel Party. Party Politics, 1(1), 5–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068895001001001

Lewis, B. D. (2020). How do mayors get elected? The causal effects of pre-electoral coalitions on mayoral election outcomes in Indonesia. Local Government Studies, 46(3), 394–413. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2019.1627334

Luth, Maswati, R., & Baharuddin, T. (2023). Online political trust in Anies Baswedan as a candidate for the President of Indonesia 2024. In Environmental Issues and Social Inclusion in a Sustainable Era (pp. 317–322). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003360483-36

Mayangsari, D., & Permana, P. (2019). A Sole-Candidate Election Involving a Non-Incumbent: The Unusual 2018 Mayoral Election in Makassar, Indonesia. 1st International Symposium on Indonesian Politics. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.25-6-2019.2287975

Medeiros, M., Forest, B., & Erl, C. (2019). Where women stand: parliamentary candidate selection in Canada. Politics, Groups, and Identities, 7(2), 389–400. https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2018.1557056

Muharam, R. S., Pradhanawati, A., Fitriyah, F., & Supratiwi, S. (2023). Single Candidate: A Setback to Indonesian Democracy? Technium Social Sciences Journal, 51, 261–269. https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v49i1.9739

Muhid, H. K. (2024, December 16). Menelisik Besaran Biaya Pilkada Langsung dari Masa ke Masa yang Disebut Mahal oleh Prabowo. Tempo.Co. https://www.tempo.co/politik/menelisik-besaran-biaya-pilkada-langsung-dari-masa-ke-masa-yang-disebut-mahal-oleh-prabowo--1182161

Prianto, A. L., Nurmandi, A., Qodir, Z., & Jubba, H. (2022). Does Collective Action Institutionalize Rational Choice? Candidate Selection in Indonesian Political Parties. Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, 8(3), 63–82. https://doi.org/10.47305/JLIA2283063p

Prianto, A. L., & Yuslaini, N. (2024). How Local Democratic Backsliding? Single Candidate, Pragmatism and Uncompetitive Local Head Election in Indonesia. JWP (Jurnal Wacana Politik), 9(2), 177. https://doi.org/10.24198/jwp.v9i2.53451

Purwaningsih, T., & Widodo, B. E. C. (2021). Democracy without contestation: The victory of the empty box in the local election of makassar city, South Sulawesi Indonesia in 2018 | La Victoria de la caja vacía en las elecciones locales de la ciudad de Makassar, en el sur de Sulawesi Indonesia en 201. Sociologia y Tecnociencia, 11(2), 48–71.

Rahman, R. A., Satriawan, I., & Diaz, R. M. (2022). Calon Tunggal Pilkada: Krisis Kepemimpinan dan Ancaman Bagi Demokrasi [Single Candidate Pilkada: Leadership Crisis and Threat to Democracy]. Jurnal Konstitusi, 19(1), 47–72.

Rohman, S., Napang, M., & Puspitasari, P. (2022). Degradation of democracy with the existence of a single candidate for regional head elections in Indonesia. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan Dan Politik, 35(2), 160–169. https://doi.org/10.20473/mkp.v35i22022.160-169

Romli, L., & Efriza, E. (2021). Single candidate and the dynamics of 2020 Indonesian Simultaneous Election: A perspective on internal contestation. Politik Indonesia: Indonesian Political Science Review, 6(3), 265–288. https://doi.org/10.15294/ipsr.v6i2.31439

Romli, L., & Irawan, C. (2024). Incumbernt Versus Big Coalition: Incumbent’s Failure as Regional Head Candidate in Wonosobo. Politica, 15(1), 41–55. https://doi.org/10.22212/jp.v15i1.4475

Rosanti, R. (2020). Political Pragmatics in Indonesia: Candidates, the Coalition of Political Parties and Single Candidate for Local Elections. Jurnal Bina Praja, 12(2), 153–165. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.12.2020.153-165

Safa’at, M. A. (2022). Single candidates: Ensuring a path to victory in local elections. Asian Journal of Comparative Politics, 7(4), 1163–1176. https://doi.org/10.1177/20578911211062485

Susanti, M. H., & Setiajid, S. (2022). The Democratic Anomaly in 2020 Regional Head Elections (PILKADA) with a Single Candidate in Semarang City. Politik Indonesia: Indonesian Political Science Review, 7(3), 314–330. https://doi.org/10.15294/ipsr.v7i3.40403

Thaha, R., & Haryanto, H. (2017). Independent Candidates in the Concurrent Regional Election in South Sulawesi: What is Independent and Why? Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 20(3), 221. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsp.27206

Yandra, A., Faridhi, A., Andrizal, A., & Suyito, S. (2023). The Dynamics of Anomaly Voters: Responding to Bawaslu Findings in the 2019 Election in Riau. Journal of Governance and Public Policy, 10(1), PRESS. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgpp.v10i1.16613

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31000/jgcs.v9i1.12697