The Global Role of Cities Government on Tackling Covid-19

Dyah Estu Kurniawati, Eko Priyo Purnomo, Ali Roziqin, Rizka Zahrotun Khairina

Abstract


Decentralization have encouraged substate actors to take the opportunity to conduct international relations and cooperation in an effort to combat the negative impacts of Covid-19. The method of this study is a literature review of 20 journal articles from Google Scholar and ResearchGate with paradiplomacy, the global role of cities, and the handling of covid-19 as keywords. The study also used sources from credible news websites. Data analysis using MAXQDA with coding methods. The codes are classified based on the categories of journals and articles that have been collected. As a result, the world’s city governments have some aggressive responses to combat Covid-19. The responses are cooperation through sister city schemes, global city networks, partnerships with NGOs, partnerships with IGO, seeks to promote dialogue in diplomatic tensions, partnerships with foreign military forces and conducting foreign missions. The current article aims to support future research in this growing field by highlighting some of the most important findings, questions, and approaches, focusing on how paradiplomacy creates a pattern of communication between cities, especially during difficult times such as a pandemic.

 

Studi ini menggambarkan bagaimana peran global pemerintah kota dalam menanggulangi Covid-19 dengan paradiplomacy. Globalisasi dan Desentralisasi telah mendorong para pelaku substate untuk mengambil kesempatan melakukan hubungan dan kerja sama internasional dalam upaya untuk memerangi dampak negatif Covid-19. Metode dari penelitian ini adalah tinjauan literatur dari 20 artikel jurnal dari Google Scholar dan ResearchGate dengan kata kunci paradiplomasi, peran global kota, dan penanganan covid-19. Studi ini juga menggunakan sumber-sumber dari situs web berita yang kredibel. Analisis data menggunakan MAXQDA dengan metode coding. Kode-kode tersebut diklasifikasikan berdasarkan kategori dari jurnal dan artikel yang telah dikumpulkan. Hasilnya, pemerintah kota di dunia memiliki beberapa respons agresif untuk memerangi Covid-19. Respon tersebut antara adalah kerjasama melalui skema sister city, jaringan kota global, kemitraan dengan LSM, kemitraan dengan IGO, berusaha untuk mempromosikan dialog dalam ketegangan diplomatik, kemitraan dengan pasukan militer asing dan melakukan misi asing.


Keywords


Paradiplomacy, City Global Role, City Network, Covid-19

Full Text:

PDF

References


Alfarisi, H. (2021). Analisis Kerjasama Pemerintahan Regional DIY dan Kyoto: Sekarang dan Masa Mendatang. Jurnal Ilmiah Politik, Kebijakan, & Ilmu Sosial (Publicio), 3(1).

Alvarenga, A. A., Sampaio Rocha, E. M., Filippon, J., & Carvalho Andrade, M. A. (2020). Challenges for the brazilian state from the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of paradiplomacy in the state of maranhão. Cadernos de Saude Publica, 36(12). https:// doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00155720

Anna Rudakowska, & Craig Simon. (2020). International City Cooperation in the Fight Against Covid-19: Behind the Scenes Security Providers. Global Policy, 1–14.

Bagian Kerjasama Kota Bandung. (2020, September). Serah Terima Bantuan 20.000 masker dari Mitra Sister City Suwon, Korea Selatan di Ruang Kenegaraan Wali Kota Bandung. Bagian Kerjasama Kota Bandung.

Behsudi, A. (2020). Wish you were here tourism-dependent economies are among those harmed the most by the pandemic. Finance and Development, 4, 36–39.

Britney Bouie. (2020, April). Chicago’s Sister City Shanghai Donates Over 20 Thousand Masks to Help Four Chicago Hospitals. Chicago City Sister International.

Can Kao Xiao Xi. (2020, March). Beijing joins hands with sister cities to fight COVID-19. Foreign Affairs Office, Hongkong and Macao Affairs Office, the People’s Government of Beijing Municipality.

Canadian Red Cross. (2021, December). How Red Cross is responding to COVID- 19 in Ontario. Canadian Red Cross.

Cornago, N. (2018). Paradiplomacy and Protodiplomacy. The Encyclopedia of Diplomacy, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118885154.dipl0211

Hubert, I., & Dermawan, W. (2020). West Jakarta Government’s Paradiplomacy towards Global Public in Kalideres Refugee Issues. Society, 8(2), 567–580. https://doi.org/ 10.33019/society.v8i2.218

International Affairs & Trade Division. (2020). Overcoming COVID-19 in Daegu: The path nobody taught us.

Luerdi, L. (2021). Paradiplomacy Of Indonesian Sub-State Actor: Digital Diplomacy Of Jakarta Government In Response To Covid-19. Berumpun: International Journal of Social, Politics, and Humanities, 4(2), 104–126. https://doi.org/10.33019/berumpun.v4i2.59

Magone, J. M. (2006). Paradiplomacy Revisited: The Structure of Opportunities of Global Governance and Regional Actors. The International Relations of the Regions: Sub- -National Actors, Para-Diplomacy and Multi-Level Governance, 1–36.

Moeenian, M., Khamseh, A., & Ghazavi, M. (2022). Social innovation based on collaboration between government and non-governmental organizations in COVID- 19 crisis: evidence from Iran. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 11(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-021-00923-3

Moser, C., & Moser, A. (2005). Gender mainstreaming since Beijing: A review of success and limitations in international institutions. In Gender and Development (Vol. 13, Issue 2, pp. 11–22). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552070512331332283

Oxfam. (n.d.). Community Engagement During Covid-19: A Guide For Community facing Staff. 1–7.

Paul, B. A. (2021). The underutilised potential of sister cities in India. Urban Update.

Pipa, A. F., & Hachigian, N. (2020). Can Cities Fix a Post-Pandemic World Order? Foreign Policy.

Porto News. (2020, July). Sister City Bangkok and Porto Share Best Practice on How to Fight to the Global Pandemic. Porto News.

Resiere, D., Mehdaoui, H., Dyer, H., Chabartier, C., Cabié, A., Inamo, J., Compton, K., Neviere, R., Megarbane, B., & Kallel, H. (2021). Covid-19 in the Caribbean: lessons learned from the ongoing international medical and scientific cooperation. Globalization and Health, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-021-00706-3

Shon, C. (2021). The Role of Cities as the First Responder to Pandemics: Focusing on the Case of the Seoul Metropolitan Government’s Response to the COVID-19. Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament, 4(S1), 60–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/25751654.2021.1882773

Sifra Lentin. (2020, June). Mumbai-Shanghai: two COVID-19 stories. Gateway House, Indian Council on Global Relations.

Sister Cities International. (2021, June). City Of San Antonio Donates $10k To Chennai Sister City For Covid Reliefe. Sister Cities International.

Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104(August), 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039

Social Innovation Exchange. (2020). Seoul City: Cities Against COVID19 virtual summit. Social Innovation Exchange.

Vina Amalia El Khawarizmi. (2020). Paradiplomasi: Langkah Diplomasi Sebagai Upaya Percepatan Revitalisasi Ekonomi Daerah Di Indonesia Pasca Pandemi. In Program

Studi Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Brawijaya (pp. 1–7). Researchgate.

Wardman, J. K. (2020). Recalibrating Pandemic Risk Leadership: Thirteen Crisis Ready Strategies for COVID-19.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31000/jgcs.v6i2.6075

Article Metrics

Abstract - 610 PDF - 427

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Government and Civil Society

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


 

Journal of Government and Civil Society is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .