Marketing Communications Mix in Sabang Tourism Promotion: Interaction of Political and Multicultural Communication

Penulis

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31000/nyimak.v10i1.15034

Abstrak

Sabang City as a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) and part of the Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (Aceh) has abundant tourism potential but faces challenges in optimal development and promotion. Sabang possesses significant tourism potential that requires effective communication strategies to attract both domestic and international visitors. This research examines the implementation of the marketing communication mix in promoting Sabang’s tourism and explores its political and multicultural dimensions. Using a descriptive–qualitative method, data were collected through interviews, observation, and document analysis. The findings show that Sabang’s tourism promotion utilizes various communication mix components, including advertising (outdoor media and digital platforms), events such as Sail Sabang, direct marketing through websites, word-of-mouth testimonials, and personal selling by local tourism agents. Beyond marketing functions, these practices also operate as political communication, projecting the government’s image of stability, openness, and development, while simultaneously facilitating multicultural interaction between Acehnese hosts and diverse visitors. The use of digital media further supports cultural hybridity by integrating local values with global tourism narratives. The research concludes that tourism promotion in Sabang represents not only strategic marketing but also a communicative process of image-building, intercultural understanding, and soft power representation. It is hoped that the resulting strategic recommendations can serve as a reference for local governments and tourism industry players in formulating more effective and impactful promotional policies.

Keywords: Marketing communication mix, tourism promotion, political communication, multicultural communication, Sabang

 

ABSTRAK

Kota Sabang sebagai Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) dan bagian dari Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (Aceh) memiliki potensi pariwisata yang melimpah namun menghadapi tantangan dalam pengembangan dan promosi yang optimal.  Sabang memiliki potensi pariwisata yang besar yang memerlukan strategi komunikasi efektif untuk menarik wisatawan domestik maupun mancanegara. Penelitian ini mengkaji penerapan bauran komunikasi pemasaran dalam promosi pariwisata Sabang serta menelusuri dimensi politik dan multikultural di dalamnya. Dengan metode deskriptif-kualitatif, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan telaah dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa promosi pariwisata Sabang memanfaatkan berbagai elemen bauran komunikasi, seperti periklanan (media luar ruang dan digital), kegiatan seperti Sail Sabang, pemasaran langsung melalui situs web, pemasaran dari mulut ke mulut, serta penjualan pribadi oleh agen wisata lokal. Lebih dari sekadar kegiatan pemasaran, praktik ini juga berfungsi sebagai komunikasi politik yang membangun citra pemerintah daerah sebagai wilayah yang stabil, terbuka, dan progresif, sekaligus menciptakan interaksi multikultural antara masyarakat Aceh dan wisatawan beragam budaya. Pemanfaatan media digital turut memperkuat hibriditas budaya melalui integrasi nilai lokal dan narasi pariwisata global. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa promosi pariwisata Sabang tidak hanya merupakan strategi pemasaran, tetapi juga proses komunikasi yang mencerminkan pembangunan citra, pemahaman antarbudaya, dan representasi soft power. Rekomendasi strategis yang dihasilkan diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan bagi pemerintah daerah dan pelaku industri pariwisata dalam merumuskan kebijakan promosi yang lebih efektif dan berdampak luas.

Kata Kunci: Bauran komunikasi pemasaran, promosi pariwisata, komunikasi politik, komunikasi multikultural, Sabang

Referensi

Aini, W., Hijrah, & Suardi. (2020). Strategi Komunikasi Pramuwisata dalam Mempromosikan Pariwisata Kota Makassar. PESONA: Jurnal Pariwisata, 5(2), 130–135. https://doi.org/10.26905/jpp.v5i1.4664

Amnar, S., Muhammad, S., & Syechalad, M. N. (2017). Pengaruh Pariwisata terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Kota Sabang. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Publik Indonesia, 4(1), 13–22. http://www.jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/EKaPI/article/view/8508

Anam, K., Abdurrahman, A. I., Pratama, R. A., & Amalia, A. (2025). Participatory Communication for Equity of Access in the Management of Ketapang Aquaculture Ecotourism. Nyimak: Journal of Communication, 9(2), 172–185. https://doi.org/10.31000/nyimak.v9i2.13509

Bianchi, R. (2018). The political economy of tourism development: A critical review. Annals of Tourism Research, 70, 88–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2017.08.005

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Bungin, B. (2013). Metodologi Penelitian Sosial & Ekonomi: Format-format Kuantitaif dan Kualitatif untuk Studi Sosiologi, Kebijakan Publik, Komunikasi, Manajemen, dan Pemasaran. Kencana Prenadamedia Group.

Burns, P. M., & Novelli, M. (2006). Tourism and Politics: Global Frameworks and Local Realities (Advances in Tourism Research). Taylor & Francis.

Chandra, D. K., Widodo, T., & Ruspitasari, W. D. (2025). Secrets of Borobudur Marathon: Tourism atraction, culture, brand image impact on purchase decisions. Jurnal Manajemen Komunikasi, 9(2), 215–237. https://doi.org/10.24198/jmk.v9i2.60562

Demir, M., & Demir, ª. ª. (2025a). From Theory to Practice: Tourism Diplomacy. In Tourism Diplomacy (pp. 201–222). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83708-676-420251010

Demir, M., & Demir, ª. ª. (2025b). Soft Power and Tourism: Global Image Management. In Tourism Diplomacy (pp. 21–41). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83708-676-420251002

Dillard, J. P. (2015). Persuasi. In C. R. Berger, M. E. Roloff, & D. R. Roskos-Ewoldsen (Eds.), Handbook Ilmu Komunikasi (pp. 287–310). Nusa Media.

Dinas Pariwisata Kota Sabang. (2025). DINAS PARIWISATA | Halaman Data Kunjungan Wisatawan. https://dispar.sabangkota.go.id/halaman/data-kunjungan-wisatawan

Eysteinsson, F., & Gudlaugsson, T. (2012). The Competitiveness of a Tourist Destination: Do Experts and Tourists Agree? Review of Business Research, 12(2), 112–117. https://rbr-journal.org/RBR-JOURNAL/Default.aspx

Hurgronje, C. S. (2024). The Achehnese: Volume 1. Brill.

Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., Saunders, J., & Wong, V. (2002). Principles of Marketing (European Edition). Prentice Hall.

Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2012). Marketing Management (14th ed.). Indeks Kelompok Gramedia.

Lestari, L. I., Novianti, E., & Yustikasari. (2023). Communication Strategy Through Traditional and Weaving Villages to Increase Cultural Promotion in East Sumba. Nyimak: Journal of Communication, 7(2), 221–237. https://doi.org/10.31000/nyimak.v7i2.8340

Li, M. (2023). The Soft Power of International Education: A theoretical framework. In N. Chitty, L. Ji, & G. D. Rawnsley (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Soft Power (pp. 143–153). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003189756-11/soft-power-international-education-mei-li

Mittal, B., & Baker, J. (2002). Advertising strategies for hospitality services. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 43(2), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-8804(02)80031-3

Nasrullah, R. (2015). Media Sosial: Perspektif Komunikasi, Budaya, dan Sosioteknologi. Simbiosa Rekatama Media.

Nirwana, M. D., Maksum, A., Avicenna, F., & Fidarijanthi, R. A. (2024). Beyond digital international tourism communication network for tourism quality improvement. Jurnal Manajemen Komunikasi, 8(2), 137–158. https://doi.org/10.24198/jmk.v8i2.52636

Novianti, E., & Wulung, S. R. P. (2020). Implementasi Komunikasi Daring dalam Menunjang Jawa Barat sebagai Destinasi Pariwisata Cerdas. Jurnal Komunikasi, 12(1), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.24912/jk.v12i1.6971

Nugraha, A. R., Perbawasari, S., & Zubair, F. (2017). Model Komunikasi Pariwisata yang Berbasiskan Kearifan Lokal (Studi Deskriptif Kualitatif di Wilayah Lembang Kabupaten Bandung Barat). Jurnal The Messenger, 9(2), 231–240. https://doi.org/10.26623/themessenger.v9i2.468

Pemerintah Kota Sabang. (2021). Halaman Geografis. Www.Sabangkota.Go.Id. https://www.sabangkota.go.id/halaman/geografis

Permana, R. S. M., Indriani, S. S., & Evelynd. (2021). Komunikasi Antarbudaya: Konsep, Teori dan Praktik. PT. Raness Media Rancage.

Pinna Pintor, S., & Premazzi, V. (2024). The key role of intercultural competencies for effective integration: from theory to practice. Quality Education for All, 1(2), 94–111. https://doi.org/10.1108/QEA-03-2024-0027

Rachmiatie, A., Fitria, R., Suryadi, K., & Ceha, R. (2020). Strategi Komunikasi Pariwisata Halal: Studi Kasus Implementasi Halal Hotel di Indonesia dan Thailand. AMWALUNA: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan Syariah, 4(1), 56–74. https://doi.org/10.29313/amwaluna.v4i1.5256

Rakhmat, J. (2012). Metode Penelitian Komunikasi: Dilengkapi Contoh Analisis Statistik. Remaja Rosdakarya.

Setyanto, Y., & Winduwati, S. (2017). Diseminasi Informasi Terkait Pariwisata Berwawasan Lingkungan dan Budaya Guna Meningkatkan Daya Tarik Wisatawan (Studi pada Dinas Pariwisata Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat). Jurnal Komunikasi, 9(2), 164–175. https://doi.org/10.24912/jk.v9i2.1077

Sianipar, C. I., & Liyushiana. (2019). Pemasaran Pariwisata Digital oleh Pemerintah Kota Sabang. Jurnal Darma Agung, 27(3), 1135–1143. https://doi.org/10.46930/ojsuda.v27i3.374

Smith, M. K., & Robinson, M. (2006). Cultural Tourism in a Changing World: Politics, Participation and (Re)presentation. Channel View Publications.

Soemirat, S., Satari, H., & Suryana, A. (2000). Materi Pokok SKOM4326/3SKS/Modul 1-9: Komunikasi Persuasif. Universitas Terbuka.

Suharno. (2022). Aceh’s special autonomy in the perspective of asymmetric decentralization policies. Jurnal Civics: Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan, 18(2), 276–285. https://doi.org/10.21831/jc.v18i2.43607

Sulaeman, A. R., & Afaza, H. (2019). Strategi Komunikasi Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Provinsi Aceh Melalui Program Wisata Halal Wilayah Banda Aceh, Aceh Besar, dan Sabang. Jurnal Al-Bayan: Media Kajian Dan Pengembangan Ilmu Dakwah, 25(1), 92–115. https://www.jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/bayan/article/view/5338

Sutono, A., Hind, D., Ristanto, H., Darajat, M. N. A., & Multazam, M. M. (2025). Strengthening Geo-Maritime Resilience through Tourism Geopolitics in Indonesia. Jurnal Lemhannas RI, 13(3), 321–335. https://doi.org/10.55960/jlri.v13i3.1113

Tunggala, S., & Saadjad, K. A. (2019). Strategi Komunikasi pada Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata dalam Mempromosikan Objek Wisata Kabupaten Banggai. Jurnal Komunikasi, 11(2), 197–212. https://doi.org/10.24912/jk.v11i2.2714

Umuri, K., Farma, J., & Nurlina, E. (2022). Halal Tourism in Aceh: Opportunities and Challenges. Al Mashaadir/ : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 3(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.52029/jis.v3i1.84

Utama, I. G. bagus R. (2012). KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN PARIWISATA DAN PERHOTELAN: Critical Review Karya Scott McCabe. Bali Dalam Perspektif Pariwisata Dan Bisnis. https://tourismbali.wordpress.com/2012/02/10/komunikasi-pemasaran-pariwisata-dan-perhotelan/

Uzar, U., & Yýlmaz, M. S. (2025). The political dimension of tourism: New insights into freedom of expression and tourism development. Tourism Management Perspectives, 56, 101349 (1-13). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2025.101349

Vaishnav, P. B. (2024). The Role of Intercultural Competence in Effective Cross-Border Collaboration Among Higher Education Institutions. In M. Kayyali (Ed.), International Academic Transformations and Cross-Border Collaborations (pp. 195–218). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0508-0.ch009

Vasist, P. N., & Krishnan, S. (2024). Country branding in post-truth Era: A configural narrative. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 32, 100854 (1-13). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100854

Widiastuti, T., Arditiar, A., Rambe, A. F., & Rasjiddin, E. A. (2022). Social Media Optimization Strategy for Local Fashion Brand Development. Nyimak: Journal of Communication, 6(1), 55–75. https://doi.org/10.31000/nyimak.v6i1.5118

Widyaswara, S., Arifin, H. S., & Prasanti, D. (2023). TikTok’s utilization as the Pangandaran tourism promotion media during COVID-19 pandemic. Jurnal Manajemen Komunikasi, 8(1), 39–59. https://doi.org/10.24198/jmk.v8i1.42458

Wondal, J. F., & Angelin, Y. A. (2026). Perbandingan Soft Power Digital antara Negara-Negara Global Selatan: Media Sosial, Budaya Pop, dan Diplomasi Publik. Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum, 4(1), 5213–5222. https://ejournal.yayasanpendidikandzurriyatulquran.id/index.php/AlZayn/article/view/4002?utm_source=chatgpt.com

Yolanda, A., Tamsil, I. S., Wei, S., Andary, R. W., & Zaman, K. (2025). The Role of Social Media in the Formation of Global Cultural Identity. Journal of Social Science Utilizing Technology, 3(1), 10–18. https://www.journal.ypidathu.or.id/index.php/jssut/article/view/2102

Zhang, Y. S. D., & Noels, K. A. (2024). Understanding the interrelations between cultural empathy, intercultural communication competence, and the psychosocial adjustment of international students in Canada: A longitudinal examination. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 102, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2024.102023

Diterbitkan

2026-03-18