Rebranding Sawahlunto: From Mining Town to Cultural Tourism under the Leadership of Ir. H. Amran Nur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31000/nyimak.v10i2.14704Abstract
Sawahlunto is a post-industrial city in West Sumatra formerly known as a colonial coal mining center. Under the leadership of Ir. H. Amran Nur (2003–2013), the city transformed its identity by repositioning itself as a culturally based mining tourism destination. This study employs a qualitative case study approach involving 10 participants (four institutional informants and six complementary non-government participants) using in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis to examine the drivers and implementation of the city’s rebranding process through the Muzellec and Lambkin rebranding framework. The findings indicate that declining mining activities, population outflow, and urban stagnation became key drivers of policy change. The local government responded through integrated communication strategies, including cultural festivals, city publications, visual identity development, and collaboration with media and community stakeholders, with the Silo structure serving as a central symbolic icon. Unlike many Indonesian post-mining cities that prioritize economic substitution or physical revitalization, Sawahlunto integrates tangible mining heritage with intangible cultural narratives supported by participation among the stakeholders examined. The findings suggest that post-industrial city rebranding can develop as a long-term communicative governance process in which recurring communication practices and collaborative stakeholder engagement contribute to the continuity of urban identity transformation over time.
Keywords: Cultural mining tourism, city rebranding, government public relations, mining town, urban identity
ABSTRAK
Sawahlunto adalah kota pasca-industri di Sumatera Barat yang dulunya dikenal sebagai pusat pertambangan batubara kolonial. Di bawah kepemimpinan Ir. H. Amran Nur (2003–2013), kota ini mentransformasikan identitasnya dengan memposisikan diri sebagai destinasi wisata pertambangan berbasis budaya. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus kualitatif yang melibatkan 10 partisipan (empat informan institusional dan enam partisipan non pemerintah pelengkap, observasi lapangan, dan analisis dokumen untuk meneliti pendorong dan implementasi proses rebranding kota melalui kerangka kerja rebranding Muzellec dan Lambkin. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa penurunan aktivitas pertambangan, arus keluar penduduk, dan stagnasi perkotaan menjadi pendorong utama perubahan kebijakan. Pemerintah daerah menanggapi hal ini melalui strategi komunikasi terpadu, termasuk festival budaya, publikasi kota, pengem-bangan identitas visual, dan kolaborasi dengan media dan pemangku kepentingan masyarakat, dengan struktur Silo sebagai ikon simbolik utama. Tidak seperti banyak kota pasca-pertambangan di Indonesia yang memprioritaskan substitusi ekonomi atau revitalisasi fisik, Sawahlunto meng-integrasikan warisan pertambangan yang berwujud dengan narasi budaya tak berwujud yang didukung oleh partisipasi para pemangku kepentingan yang diteliti. Temuan mengindikasikan bahwa penataan ulang citra kota pasca-industri dapat berkembang sebagai proses tata kelola komunikatif jangka panjang, ketika praktik komunikasi yang berulang dan keterlibatan kolaboratif para pemangku kepentingan berkontribusi pada keberlanjutan transformasi identitas perkotaan dari waktu ke waktu.
Kata Kunci: Humas pemerintah, identitas perkotaan, kota tambang, rebranding kota, wisata tambang yang berbudaya
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