Journal of Government and Civil Society

Articles

Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Government and Civil Society (April)

Social Network Analysis on Program Convergence to Alleviate Poverty

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31000/7pprk652
Submitted
22 October 2025
Published
18 April 2026

Abstract

This study shows that the effectiveness of poverty alleviation programs is strongly shaped by the structure of governance networks. The findings indicate that a highly centralized network, while improving administrative coordination, produces governance asymmetry, limits horizontal collaboration, and constrains the participation of peripheral actors. Low network density further weakens program convergence, making it largely procedural rather than outcome-oriented. Theoretically, this study contributes by integrating Social Network Analysis (SNA) with collaborative governance, demonstrating that network inequality and governance asymmetry are key factors influencing policy effectiveness. This challenges the assumption that coordination alone is sufficient, highlighting instead the importance of network structure in shaping inclusivity and resource distribution. From a policy perspective, short-term priorities should focus on improving data integration, strengthening cross-agency coordination through SOPs, and developing integrated referral systems. Long-term strategies should aim to reduce over-centralization, strengthen horizontal collaboration, and enhance community participation as active actors in governance processes. This study is limited by its single-case design and qualitative interpretation of network data. Future research should apply mixed-method approaches and comparative analysis across regions to further examine how network structures influence policy outcomes.

Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas program pengentasan kemiskinan sangat dipengaruhi oleh struktur jaringan tata kelola. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa jaringan yang sangat tersentralisasi, meskipun meningkatkan koordinasi administratif, justru menghasilkan asimetri tata kelola, membatasi kolaborasi horizontal, dan menghambat partisipasi aktor periferal. Rendahnya kepadatan jaringan semakin melemahkan konvergensi program, sehingga implementasinya cenderung bersifat prosedural daripada berorientasi pada hasil. Secara teoretis, penelitian ini berkontribusi dengan mengintegrasikan Analisis Jaringan Sosial (SNA) dan tata kelola kolaboratif, yang menunjukkan bahwa ketimpangan jaringan dan asimetri tata kelola merupakan faktor kunci yang memengaruhi efektivitas kebijakan. Temuan ini menantang asumsi bahwa koordinasi semata sudah cukup, serta menegaskan pentingnya struktur jaringan dalam menentukan inklusivitas dan distribusi sumber daya. Dari perspektif kebijakan, prioritas jangka pendek difokuskan pada peningkatan integrasi data, penguatan koordinasi lintas instansi melalui SOP, serta pengembangan sistem rujukan terintegrasi. Sementara itu, strategi jangka panjang diarahkan pada pengurangan sentralisasi yang berlebihan, penguatan kolaborasi horizontal, dan peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat sebagai aktor aktif dalam proses tata kelola. Penelitian ini memiliki keterbatasan pada penggunaan desain studi kasus tunggal dan pendekatan kualitatif dalam interpretasi data jaringan. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan menggunakan pendekatan metode campuran serta analisis komparatif antar wilayah untuk mengkaji lebih lanjut pengaruh struktur jaringan terhadap hasil kebijakan.

References

  1. Abdillah, A., Widianingsih, I., Buchari, R. A., Mustari, N., & Saleh, S. (2022). Governance and Quintuple Helix innovation model: Insights from the local government of East Luwu Regency, Indonesia. Frontiers in Climate, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2022.1012108
  2. Bappelitbangda Pangkep. (2021). Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menenengah Daerah (RPJMD) Kabupaten Pangkajene dan Kepulauan (Pangkep) 2021-2026. https://e-sakip.kabpangkep.id/rencana-pembangunan-jangka-menengah-daerah/file-pdf
  3. Benedetti, I., & Crescenzi, F. (2023). The role of income poverty and inequality indicators at regional level: An evaluation for Italy and Germany. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 87(PA), 101540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2023.101540
  4. BPS Pangkep. (2024). Kemiskinan Kabupaten Pangkajene dan Kepulauan 2019-2023. In BPS.co.id. https://pangkepkab.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/NTAjMg==/indikator-kemiskinan-kabupaten-pangkajene-dan-kepulauan.html
  5. BPS Pangkep. (2025). Kabupaten Pangkajene dan Kepulauan Dalam Angka 2025. BPS Pangkep. https://pangkepkab.bps.go.id
  6. BPS Republik Indonesia. (2024). Persentase Penduduk Miskin Maret 2024 turun menjadi 9,03 persen. https://www.bps.go.id/id/pressrelease/2024/07/01/2370/persentase-penduduk-miskin-maret-2024-turun-menjadi-9-03-persen-.html
  7. BPS Sulawesi Selatan. (2024). Jumlah Penduduk Miskin (Ribu Jiwa) Menurut Kabupaten/Kota se-Sulawesi Selatan (Ribu Jiwa), 2024. https://sulsel.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/NDU0IzI=/jumlah-penduduk-miskin--ribu-jiwa--menurut-kabupaten-kota-se-sulawesi-selatan.html
  8. Cartone, A., Di Battista, L., & Postiglione, P. (2024). A new approach for measuring poverty or social exclusion reduction in European NUTS 2 regions. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 93(April), 101902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2024.101902
  9. Cintiara, D. A., Akhyar, I., Ramadhani, R. P., Putri, A. Q. M., & Bardian, S. P. (2025). Analisis peran kebijakan dalam membangun budaya organisasi yang kolaboratif. Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Kebijakan Publik|, 2(2), 758-767.
  10. Dartanto, T., Moeis, F. R., Can, C. K., Ratih, S. P., Nurhasana, R., Satrya, A., & Thabrany, H. (2021). Good intentions, unintended outcomes: Impact of social assistance on tobacco consumption in Indonesia. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 19(January), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.18332/TID/132966
  11. Djulius, H., Lixian, X., Lestari, A. N., & Eryanto, S. F. (2022). The Impact of a Poor Family Assistance Program on Human Development in Indonesia. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 11(4), 59-70. https://sibresearch.org/uploads/3/4/0/9/34097180/riber_11-4_05_t22-077_59-70.pdf
  12. Handayani, N. S., Huriyati, E., & Hasanbasri, M. (2023). Association of Maternal Education With Nutritional Outcomes of Poor Children With Stunting in Indonesia. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 35(5), 373-380. https://doi.org/10.1177/10105395231185980
  13. JDIH BPK RI. (2025). Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 12 Tahun 2025 Tentang Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional Tahun 2025-2029 (Issue Lampiran 2). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/314638/perpres-no-12-tahun-2025
  14. Jeong, D. H., Lee, S. K., Ahn, M. E., Kim, S. M., Ryu, O. H., Park, K. S., Shin, S. G., & Han, J. H. (2024). An empirical study on social network analysis for small residential communities in Gangwon State, South Korea. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-62371-x
  15. Josefsson, M. Y., & Steinthorsson, R. S. (2021). Reflections on a SMART urban ecosystem in a small island state: The case of SMART Reykjavik. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 42(1-2), 93-114. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijesb.2021.112260
  16. Luqman, Y., Sumardjo, S., Sarwoprasodjo, S., & Tambunan, A. H. (2017). Solusi menuju konvergensi arah komunikasi kebijakan publik dalam rangka antisipasi krisis energi. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 15(2), 134-145. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345780370
  17. Mustari, N., Hakim, L., Erni, E., & Puspaningrum, M. (2019a). Policy Influence of Family Hope Program to Reduce the Poverty in Takalar, Indonesia. Otoritas : Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 9(2), 152-161. https://doi.org/10.26618/ojip.v9i2.2449
  18. Mustari, N., Razak, R., Junaedi, J., Fatmawati, F., Hawing, H., & Baharuddin, T. (2024). Multipartner governance and the urgency of poverty alleviation policy: Zakat fundraising management. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2361529
  19. Neves, J. A., Burlandy, L., & Medeiros, M. A. T. de. (2024). Intersectorality in a conditional cash transfer programme: Actors, convergences and conflicts. Global Public Health, 19(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2024.2306467
  20. Nikitin, S. A., Tronina, I. A., Tatenko, G. I., & Grekova, A. E. (2023). Managing the Development of Integration Processes in the Innovation Environment of the Region. Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: Economics. Sociology. Management, 13(3), 101-117. https://doi.org/10.21869/2223-1552-2023-13-3-101-117
  21. Pemerintah Kabupaten Pangkep. (2024). Peraturan Bupati Pangkajene Dan Kepulauan Tentang Rencana Kerja Pemerintah Daerah ( Rkpd ) Kabupaten Pangkajene Dan Kepulauan Tahun 2024.
  22. Pemerintah Kabupaten Pangkep. (2025). Rencana Penanggulangan Kemiskinan Daerah kabupaten Pangkajene dan Kepulauan tahun 2025-2029.
  23. Pemkab Pangkep. (2023). Rencana Kerja Pemerintah Daerah Pangkajene dan Kepulauan 2024.
  24. Pratama, I. N., Ibrahim, A. H., & Akbar, P. (2023). Pentahelix Collaboration Concept as an Effort to Accelerate Poverty Reduction in the Covid-19 Situation in the City of Mataram. Jurnal Public Policy, 9(1), 75. https://doi.org/10.35308/jpp.v9i1.6439
  25. Presiden Republik Indonesia. (2022). Instruksi Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 4 Tahun 2022 Tentang Percepatan Penghapusan Kemiskinan Ekstrem. In Badan Pemeriksaan Keuangan (Issue 146187, pp. 1-15). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/211477/inpres-no-4-tahun-2022
  26. Rahman, Aderiska Septiani Walemba, Harleli, & Marheni Fadillah Harun. (2024). Factors associated with stunting incidents in toddler in the working area of north wakorumba health center, North Buton District, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, 2023. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 22(3), 537-546. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.3.1715
  27. Santos, A. P. D., & Romagnoli, R. C. (2023). THE IMPLICATION OF WORKERS IN THE BRAZILIAN SOCIAL ASSISTANCE POLICY. Psicologia em Estudo, 28, e55157. https://doi.org/10.4025/psicolestud.v28i0.55157
  28. Ruijer, E., Porumbescu, G., Porter, R., & Piotrowski, S. (2023). Social equity in the data era: A systematic literature review of data‐driven public service research. Public Administration Review, 83(2), 316-332..
  29. Sarfo, I., Qiao, J., Effah, N. A. A., Djan, M. A., Puplampu, D. A., Batame, M., Ayelazuno, R. A., Yeboah, E., Allotey, M. K., & Zhu, X. (2024). A bibliometric analysis of China's rural revitalization paradox: opportunities for collaboration, social innovation and global development. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 1-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-04302-w
  30. Shahidi, F. V., Ramraj, C., Sod-Erdene, O., Hildebrand, V., & Siddiqi, A. (2019). The impact of social assistance programs on population health: A systematic review of research in high-income countries. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6337-1
  31. Subianto, P., & Raka, G. R. (2024). Prabowo Gibran 2024 Bersama Indonesia Maju. https://tirto.id/arti-asta-cita-prabowo-gibran-visi-misi-presiden-program-prioritas-dokumen-pdf-g5J4?form=MG0AV3
  32. Tang, K., Li, Z., & He, C. (2023). Spatial distribution pattern and influencing factors of relative poverty in rural China. Innovation and Green Development, 2(1), 100030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.igd.2022.100030
  33. Widhawati, R., Lubis, V. H., & Komalasari, O. (2024). Pelaksanaan Program Rumoh Gizi Gampong Penanggulangan Stunting Pada Balita. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (JPKM) - Aphelion, 4, 171-178. https://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/JPM/article/view/2494
  34. Widiastuti, D. (2021). Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah. Jurnal Akuntansi & Keuangan, 13(3), 75-87. https://doi.org/10.21070/jak.v13i3.2021.75-87
  35. Wungo, G. L., Dewi, S. P., Mussadun, & Riswananda, A. H. (2024). The Integration of Structural and Non-Structural Mitigation Based on Collaborative Governance Process at Tanjung Mas Sub-District. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1404(1), 12039. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1404/1/012039
  36. Zhang, M., Su, H., & Wen, J. (2022). Hotspot analysis of rural inclusive finance based on keyword co-occurrence clustering. International Journal of Applied Decision Sciences, 15(1), 100-116. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijads.2022.120296
  37. Zhao, Y., Dong, L., Sun, Y., & Zhang, N. (2025). Extreme precipitation, energy poverty and the moderating effects of digital inclusive finance: Evidence from China's householders. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 112, 107849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2025.107849
  38. Zhong, D., Lu, Q., Zhang, Y., Li, J., Lei, T., & Liu, C. (2024). How a poverty alleviation policy affected comprehensive disaster risk reduction capacity: Evidence from China's great western development policy. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 111(May 2023), 104656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104656