Negotiating State and Customary Authority: Hybrid Governance in an Indigenous Village of Eastern Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31000/jgcs.v10i2.16391Abstract
This study examines how state and customary authority interact in the governance of Negeri Hative Kecil, Ambon City, and how these interactions shape hybrid governance. A qualitative descriptive approach with an explanatory design was employed, using in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis, involving 12 informants from the Negeri Government, Saniri Negeri, and customary and community groups. Data were thematically analyzed using NVivo through four main categories: State Authority, Customary Authority, Legitimacy Negotiation, and Institutional Hybridization. The findings show that state authority is grounded in legality, formal recognition, and administrative authority. In contrast, customary authority derives from genealogical legitimacy, customary norms and traditions, traditional leadership, and community recognition. These two sources of authority interact through communication, deliberation, recognition, and accommodation in local decision-making. Such processes generate institutional hybridization through functional adaptation, role transformation, and institutional integration, particularly in the roles of the Saniri Negeri and Raja Negeri. The study demonstrates that hybrid governance in Hative Kecil is not merely the coexistence of state and customary institutions but a dynamic process that links formal authority, social legitimacy, and institutional transformation within local governance.
Penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana kewenangan negara dan adat berinteraksi dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan di Negeri Hative Kecil, Kota Ambon, serta bagaimana interaksi tersebut membentuk tata kelola hibrida. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan desain deskriptif-eksplanatori melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi yang melibatkan 12 informan dari unsur Pemerintah Negeri, Saniri Negeri, serta tokoh adat dan masyarakat. Data dianalisis secara tematik menggunakan NVivo dengan empat kategori utama, yaitu Kewenangan Negara, Kewenangan Adat, Negosiasi Legitimasi, dan Hibridisasi Kelembagaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kewenangan negara bertumpu pada legalitas, pengakuan formal, dan kewenangan administratif, sedangkan kewenangan adat bersumber dari legitimasi genealogis, norma dan tradisi, kepemimpinan adat, serta pengakuan masyarakat. Kedua sumber kewenangan tersebut berinteraksi melalui komunikasi, deliberasi, pengakuan, dan akomodasi kewenangan dalam pengambilan keputusan pemerintahan. Proses tersebut mendorong hibridisasi kelembagaan melalui adaptasi fungsi, perubahan peran, dan integrasi kelembagaan, terutama pada Saniri Negeri dan Raja Negeri. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa hybrid governance di Hative Kecil bukan sekadar koeksistensi antara institusi negara dan adat, melainkan proses dinamis yang menghubungkan kewenangan formal, legitimasi sosial, dan transformasi kelembagaan dalam tata kelola lokal.
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